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[Music]

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hello and welcome to the show I'm Martin

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Willis your host and I'm really excited

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about this evenings show we have I guess

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which we'd call sort of a science II

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show and so if you like physics you like

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astronomy and you like UFOs you're in

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for a treat

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I met this gentleman through the scu

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which is the scientific Coalition for

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UAP studies if you're new to this topic

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you ap UFO kind of interchangeable well

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I'll be welcoming in in just a minute

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professor Matthew showed Auguste and I

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have to caution everyone out there that

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I'm not a scientist I'm not an

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astronomer or a physicist so I am going

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to be asking probably some layman

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questions I do contemplate these type of

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things a bit here and there so hopefully

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there'll be some good questions but I

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can guarantee you this it's going to be

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an interesting evening for sure

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so also if you look in the show notes or

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you look below YouTube you will see that

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there is a link to a slideshow of the

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things that Matthew is going to be

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talking about also I do want to say to

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everyone I don't want to sound like a

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teaser out there but I think there's

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something that's going to be coming out

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fairly soon I wanted to you know tell

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you to keep your eyes open in the UFO

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world I don't have the details I'm sorry

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if I did I would definitely share them

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with you but I can tell you whatever is

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going to be happening is going to be

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noteworthy some people are speculating

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has to do with the Wilson leaked

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documents um I've talked about that a

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number of times I don't you know might

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have something to do with some part of

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it but I don't

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I personally don't buy that story but

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you know what if I'm wrong I will just

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say hey look everyone I was wrong so

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anyway just keep your eyes out something

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is

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something's happening I do want to thank

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everyone who listens to the show and

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also everyone behind the scenes we have

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Peggy helping us out on Facebook and

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that is facebook.com slash podcast UFO

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and by the way we're doing our very

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first simulcast over there you know that

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might catch on I don't know if there's a

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lot of people watching it over there or

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not

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but that may catch on over there so that

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is just one other way you can watch the

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show we also have Bill skywatcher over

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at kgr a radio I want to thank him and

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other people that helped out in

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countless ways and if you support the

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show I want to thank you very much and

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anyone can do that the patreon link is

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over at our website podcast UFO calm and

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while you're there check out the latest

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blog by charles lear it's called ufos

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over Finland and he really goes into

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some great detail on all these blogs and

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this one is extra-special really good so

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I have a few paintings that I actually

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sold the winter triangle and for those

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of you on youtube you're gonna hear my

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commercial it might be better than

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silence I don't know but anyway during

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the commercial break at the top of the

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hour I have a little another art

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commercial for you but anyone can check

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out Martin Willis art calm and there's a

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special link below kind of a secret link

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and the show notes and also down below

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YouTube that'll get you just to the UFO

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paintings remember the code UFO get you

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50% off at checkout I want to work out a

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deal so anyway you can always contact me

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at podcast martinet podcast UFO comm so

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let's see about our guest professor

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Matthew sudakis and I'm trying to say

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his name right he received a PhD from

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the University of Chicago he is now an

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assistant professor at the University of

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Albany studying experimental particle

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astrophysics Wow and particular the

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direct detection of dark matter wimps

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wim P s weakly well that he'll go over

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all that stuff and I don't want to get

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too

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carried away in his background because

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he's gonna be talking about it I'm sure

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but he you know he's another one of

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these scientists who got into the whole

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idea of the UFO topic by science fiction

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Star Trek and stuff like that

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and how many this has happened to many

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many many people I've talked to over the

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years so I think it's really great and

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welcome to the show Matthew can you hear

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me Matthew I can hear you it's great to

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be here

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thanks for inviting me yeah yeah I was

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really loved your talk over at the SCU

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it was just fantastic

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and I kind of gave a little bit of your

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background but so right away

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science fiction got you hooked on the

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science topic and you've done quite an

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amazing job all the way over to the dark

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matter and a lot more so you want to

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talk about your your background and and

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you know what

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how young did you think you were going

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to be getting into this

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that's a great question yeah I actually

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it's very rare but I actually knew what

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I wanted to do but at the age of five I

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and it all started with a book called

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what's up there our children's astronomy

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book that's how it all started Wow and

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since age 5 to 1015 I would change my

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mind about what type of scientist I

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wanted to be physicists astronomer

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astrophysicist right but I never wavered

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from knowing I was going to be a

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scientist which i think is rare right

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people go through go through doctor

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lawyer keep changing your mind what I

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already knew all along through high

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school I'm like I'm gonna major in

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physics in college and the University of

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Chicago sat down with my adviser we're

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talking I'm like no no there's no

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discussing options here I'm a physics

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major I flipped through the course

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catalog and here are the courses I'm

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taking for the next four years so can

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you take care of that so she was like

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wow so I was set like I just so I really

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knew that's what I wanted to do that

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book started it but what dee

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would deepen things with Star Trek

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I actually Star Trek The Next Generation

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cuz as you can see probably a little too

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young for the original series but next

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gen came out when I was in preschool or

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kindergarten you know that age and I

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watched next generation season 1 through

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7 and then I watched Star Trek Voyager

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in junior high in high school and it was

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so I felt it was so captivating not just

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the science but also a future where

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humanity has their problems behind them

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and work together peacefully well you

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know i I've talked about this before

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I've had I had an astrophysicist on he

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was a visiting scientists at NASA and he

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said now I'm I'm not probably quoting

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this completely accurately but he said

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something along the lines that he and

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his colleagues agreed on the fact that

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if a civilisation can get through the

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bottleneck of technology without blowing

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themselves up that they will be

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exploring the Stars and I wonder what

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you thought about that comment yeah I

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think that we we just have to look at

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our own example of humanity to see that

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we see in recent months how much how

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many problems we still have we still

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have you know we have we have racism

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alive and well in the 21st century right

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now year 2020 is mind-boggling so I I do

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think that that's that's been echoed

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similar sentiments have been echoed by

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both scientists as well as like science

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fiction authors for example for for

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decades and I think that is very true

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that we have to get past our own hatreds

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divisions and conflicts as a race before

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we would be able to really achieve

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interstellar travel and that would

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probably be true of any sentient

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intelligent race that could potentially

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be out there yeah one of the things I'm

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I I think I see a lot out there

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and when it comes to and I want to say

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it's more on the skeptic side and I know

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you're you're healthy skeptic of course

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but I hear a lot of skeptics say and and

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think of travel of the possibility of

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travel from another solar system which

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is is mind-boggling I know the distances

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are just so vast but they think that

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they know all there is to know about the

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physics on on travel and how things get

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here and they say it's just plain

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impossible

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and I heard you say something like we

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know about 5% of the universe well don't

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we do you think we also know a very

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miniscule amount about physics that

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there is so much more to learn oh that's

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a good question I actually have many of

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my colleagues will disagree with me on

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this so you have to know either of

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course this is my personal opinion but

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it's I would not go so extremists to say

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that we know minuscule because if it was

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miniscule this computer the computer and

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technology were we're using right now

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wouldn't work so it's getting harder to

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be wrong so what I mean by that is it

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was easier centuries ago before they had

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telescopes and microscopes and computers

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I'm not saying there isn't a lot more

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discovered there obviously is I'm

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looking for dark matter there's also

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dark energy these unknown forces the

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universe and what I'm trying to say is

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that what's left to discover even if

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it's a great deal will not erase what we

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currently know right oh yeah because

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basically so we should not think of the

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way I tell my students is that we don't

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have the same kind of paradigm shifts as

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we had hundreds of years ago there's

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still plenty to learn but it's not going

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to be like tomorrow we learn Stein is

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wrong for example crackpots Einstein was

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wrong because XYZ it's too late for that

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it's too late for that because your GPS

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wouldn't work without relativity it said

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right like no it is impossible

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impossible period Einstein and Newton to

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be wrong what they are were incomplete

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our knowledge is absolutely incomplete

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there's a difference we

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mean incomplete and wrong you know it's

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possible we know only a miniscule amount

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if that's possible but of that miniscule

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amount I think we do know it well but

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unfortunately sometimes that does lead

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to arrogance we sometimes mistake

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knowing the minuscule amount we know

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very well we mistake that for knowing

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the whole pie very well right right I

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get exactly what you're saying

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now so I'm going to be asking like I

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mentioned earlier a lot of questions and

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of course some you know we are going to

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be talking about you know how UFOs

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taiented all this but I just feel like I

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have so many questions and also relating

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to dark matter as well but I want to

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start out at the beginning of the

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beginning which is the Big Bang and do

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you now I know a lot of scientists do

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they don't like to theorize about

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certain things but do you think I'm

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gonna ask it this way do you think it's

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00:12:29,520 --> 00:12:25,870
possible that some part of the Big Bang

273
00:12:31,740 --> 00:12:29,530
could be incorrect of the theory that's

274
00:12:34,260 --> 00:12:31,750
out there bleeding theory well it

275
00:12:37,290 --> 00:12:34,270
depends it depends what you mean by

276
00:12:40,700 --> 00:12:37,300
incorrect so but we have to break it

277
00:12:44,250 --> 00:12:40,710
down in the following way there is

278
00:12:47,010 --> 00:12:44,260
incontrovertible mountains of evidence

279
00:12:51,450 --> 00:12:47,020
that our universe had a finite beginning

280
00:12:53,400 --> 00:12:51,460
in time so so for example the steady

281
00:12:56,640 --> 00:12:53,410
state theory that the universe is

282
00:12:58,110 --> 00:12:56,650
eternal is extremely dead I think there

283
00:12:59,400 --> 00:12:58,120
are two more proponents left in their

284
00:13:01,170 --> 00:12:59,410
80s or something that they may have

285
00:13:03,110 --> 00:13:01,180
passed away and that's because we've

286
00:13:05,670 --> 00:13:03,120
made so many discoveries in astronomy

287
00:13:07,950 --> 00:13:05,680
like the cosmic microwave radio

288
00:13:11,100 --> 00:13:07,960
radiation which was a prediction of the

289
00:13:16,620 --> 00:13:11,110
Big Bang Theory so the the Big Bang

290
00:13:18,390 --> 00:13:16,630
Theory at this point cannot be wrong in

291
00:13:20,700 --> 00:13:18,400
the sense that there's mountains of

292
00:13:23,040 --> 00:13:20,710
evidence what can be wrong is the

293
00:13:25,500 --> 00:13:23,050
details so we still haven't found direct

294
00:13:27,660 --> 00:13:25,510
evidence for example of inflation which

295
00:13:29,580 --> 00:13:27,670
is the accelerated expansion of the

296
00:13:33,180 --> 00:13:29,590
universe after the Big Bang we don't

297
00:13:34,770 --> 00:13:33,190
have direct evidence of that so so it

298
00:13:37,410 --> 00:13:34,780
depends what you mean by the big bang

299
00:13:38,190 --> 00:13:37,420
theory the generic most generic version

300
00:13:41,340 --> 00:13:38,200
of it that you

301
00:13:44,150 --> 00:13:41,350
say in one sentence is that the universe

302
00:13:47,220 --> 00:13:44,160
had a finite beginning in time is

303
00:13:49,980 --> 00:13:47,230
extremely unlikely to be wrong but the

304
00:13:52,290 --> 00:13:49,990
details there are all kinds of details

305
00:13:54,420 --> 00:13:52,300
we can layer in like what actually

306
00:13:57,420 --> 00:13:54,430
happens in the first few fractions of a

307
00:14:00,570 --> 00:13:57,430
second and so thin things like that so

308
00:14:02,250 --> 00:14:00,580
the details absolutely that we have

309
00:14:04,220 --> 00:14:02,260
right now can be incorrect we need to

310
00:14:07,350 --> 00:14:04,230
take more data we're taking astronomical

311
00:14:08,940 --> 00:14:07,360
cosmological data but it would be you

312
00:14:11,130 --> 00:14:08,950
know there's no hundred percents in

313
00:14:12,960 --> 00:14:11,140
science but I would say to hunt very

314
00:14:15,180 --> 00:14:12,970
close to hundred percent that the

315
00:14:17,280 --> 00:14:15,190
universe had a beginning in time

316
00:14:20,460 --> 00:14:17,290
our best estimate our best current

317
00:14:22,830 --> 00:14:20,470
estimate of the ages 13.8 billion years

318
00:14:25,740 --> 00:14:22,840
it had a finite beginning in time but

319
00:14:28,380 --> 00:14:25,750
the details we don't obviously were very

320
00:14:34,980 --> 00:14:28,390
far from having all the details of that

321
00:14:39,660 --> 00:14:34,990
sure and so if if this began 13.8

322
00:14:41,700 --> 00:14:39,670
billion years ago was there do you does

323
00:14:44,640 --> 00:14:41,710
two people our scientists speculate that

324
00:14:47,250 --> 00:14:44,650
there was time before that or did time

325
00:14:50,250 --> 00:14:47,260
start there and if there was no time

326
00:14:53,760 --> 00:14:50,260
what could have been before that or is

327
00:14:56,340 --> 00:14:53,770
that time so yeah no this is one of

328
00:14:58,440 --> 00:14:56,350
those famous infamous questions ya know

329
00:15:00,330 --> 00:14:58,450
the question of before the Big Bang just

330
00:15:03,830 --> 00:15:00,340
doesn't make sense that we may never

331
00:15:06,930 --> 00:15:03,840
know the answer not in a reliable

332
00:15:09,450 --> 00:15:06,940
scientifically verifiable fashion there

333
00:15:12,870 --> 00:15:09,460
are those like Roger Penrose very famous

334
00:15:13,680 --> 00:15:12,880
physicists who are speculating about you

335
00:15:16,050 --> 00:15:13,690
know what could have happened

336
00:15:17,970 --> 00:15:16,060
quote-unquote before the Big Bang the

337
00:15:20,970 --> 00:15:17,980
idea that there's maybe a cyclical or

338
00:15:22,860 --> 00:15:20,980
oscillating cosmology but I really very

339
00:15:25,470 --> 00:15:22,870
much like to stay away from that kind of

340
00:15:28,790 --> 00:15:25,480
thing because in in in my opinion even

341
00:15:32,370 --> 00:15:28,800
if there is an answer it may be

342
00:15:35,760 --> 00:15:32,380
unknowable to us all right I may not be

343
00:15:37,800 --> 00:15:35,770
able to penetrate our no matter what

344
00:15:40,680 --> 00:15:37,810
technology your ideas are invented it

345
00:15:42,660 --> 00:15:40,690
may be something we we will only be able

346
00:15:46,380 --> 00:15:42,670
to speculate about but that we may not

347
00:15:48,120 --> 00:15:46,390
be able to get concrete data on so I

348
00:15:50,340 --> 00:15:48,130
like staying away from questions of

349
00:15:51,900 --> 00:15:50,350
before the big and now you made a very

350
00:15:54,900 --> 00:15:51,910
good point we may not understand

351
00:15:57,450 --> 00:15:54,910
and even if it was explained to us it

352
00:15:58,890 --> 00:15:57,460
still may not it's possible it may not

353
00:16:00,660 --> 00:15:58,900
make any sense

354
00:16:02,610 --> 00:16:00,670
now I remember Carl Sagan had a saying

355
00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:02,620
and I can't remember exactly how it goes

356
00:16:05,850 --> 00:16:04,090
and I certainly had time to look it up

357
00:16:10,050 --> 00:16:05,860
but I didn't but he said something like

358
00:16:13,620 --> 00:16:10,060
if there was never a supernova you could

359
00:16:15,690 --> 00:16:13,630
never have the apple pie come out of the

360
00:16:18,960 --> 00:16:15,700
oven and or something along those lines

361
00:16:23,070 --> 00:16:18,970
and along those lines if there was never

362
00:16:24,780 --> 00:16:23,080
a supernova would we have life no that's

363
00:16:26,520 --> 00:16:24,790
an excellent point you bring up a

364
00:16:29,670 --> 00:16:26,530
saint's point it's because in the Big

365
00:16:32,100 --> 00:16:29,680
Bang the Big Bang is only capable of

366
00:16:34,380 --> 00:16:32,110
making the lightest elements you need

367
00:16:37,530 --> 00:16:34,390
the universe to grow and evolve and form

368
00:16:40,530 --> 00:16:37,540
stars and then those stars cook or

369
00:16:42,870 --> 00:16:40,540
basically cook up the heavier elements

370
00:16:44,640 --> 00:16:42,880
and then supernova explosions which are

371
00:16:46,530 --> 00:16:44,650
only part we're learning are only part

372
00:16:49,290 --> 00:16:46,540
of the story there's also neutron star

373
00:16:52,140 --> 00:16:49,300
collisions and other types of stellar

374
00:16:54,900 --> 00:16:52,150
phenomena that generate the heavier

375
00:16:57,150 --> 00:16:54,910
elements so the Big Bang only generates

376
00:16:59,490 --> 00:16:57,160
hydrogen helium smattering of lithium

377
00:17:01,980 --> 00:16:59,500
and the lighter elements too to breathe

378
00:17:03,990 --> 00:17:01,990
the heavier elements you need stellar

379
00:17:07,110 --> 00:17:04,000
furnaces you need the cores of stars you

380
00:17:10,170 --> 00:17:07,120
nuclear fusion you need stars exploding

381
00:17:12,900 --> 00:17:10,180
stars colliding in order to produce all

382
00:17:16,800 --> 00:17:12,910
those heavier elements including carbon

383
00:17:19,620 --> 00:17:16,810
nitrogen oxygen the ones that are in you

384
00:17:23,520 --> 00:17:19,630
know sugar salt right not salt I'm sorry

385
00:17:25,500 --> 00:17:23,530
that's NaCl but sugar and fats

386
00:17:30,200 --> 00:17:25,510
you know proteins or get all organic

387
00:17:33,150 --> 00:17:30,210
molecules well and along those lines if

388
00:17:38,190 --> 00:17:33,160
saying there was a solar system that

389
00:17:41,220 --> 00:17:38,200
developed very early and and it had one

390
00:17:42,720 --> 00:17:41,230
of the stars that last for you know

391
00:17:45,210 --> 00:17:42,730
billions and billions and billions of

392
00:17:47,730 --> 00:17:45,220
years I know there is a one type of star

393
00:17:52,200 --> 00:17:47,740
that does that at least um so they've

394
00:17:54,090 --> 00:17:52,210
never had a super nova in that part of

395
00:17:57,870 --> 00:17:54,100
their neighborhood does that mean that

396
00:18:00,210 --> 00:17:57,880
they are to remain lifeless no because

397
00:18:02,780 --> 00:18:00,220
over billions of years

398
00:18:05,070 --> 00:18:02,790
very slowly of course nowhere near the

399
00:18:05,590 --> 00:18:05,080
speed of light but slowly you know the

400
00:18:08,830 --> 00:18:05,600
super

401
00:18:10,900 --> 00:18:08,840
/ remnants the gas and dust disperses so

402
00:18:13,210 --> 00:18:10,910
so when you said near behind I had no

403
00:18:15,630 --> 00:18:13,220
supernova nearby that's a very relative

404
00:18:18,340 --> 00:18:15,640
term because nearby could mean you know

405
00:18:20,830 --> 00:18:18,350
many light-years so I don't think that's

406
00:18:22,900 --> 00:18:20,840
the case because you have to think about

407
00:18:25,510 --> 00:18:22,910
the fact that over billions of years you

408
00:18:27,940 --> 00:18:25,520
have you know supernova explosions

409
00:18:32,169 --> 00:18:27,950
neutron star mergers collisions that are

410
00:18:34,840 --> 00:18:32,179
seeding the interstellar seating the

411
00:18:36,460 --> 00:18:34,850
interstellar medium right we have a

412
00:18:38,549 --> 00:18:36,470
question I just popped up on there did

413
00:18:43,049 --> 00:18:38,559
Gold exist this is from the chat room

414
00:18:49,870 --> 00:18:43,059
did Gold exists as a gas back then

415
00:18:52,570 --> 00:18:49,880
initially I would say probably yes or is

416
00:18:53,740 --> 00:18:52,580
a plasma even within stars I can't say

417
00:18:55,630 --> 00:18:53,750
with complete certainty because I'm not

418
00:18:58,480 --> 00:18:55,640
a stellar astronomer and remember that

419
00:19:01,149 --> 00:18:58,490
so scientists are very you know we have

420
00:19:02,470 --> 00:19:01,159
very highly specialized areas so I wanna

421
00:19:04,899 --> 00:19:02,480
be careful that I don't see something

422
00:19:07,120 --> 00:19:04,909
wrong if it's outside of my area but I

423
00:19:09,460 --> 00:19:07,130
think that it would be more correct even

424
00:19:12,010 --> 00:19:09,470
to say not just as a gas but originally

425
00:19:15,760 --> 00:19:12,020
is like individual atoms and before that

426
00:19:17,399 --> 00:19:15,770
is individual nuclei without electrons

427
00:19:19,860 --> 00:19:17,409
around them so it goes even further

428
00:19:25,529 --> 00:19:19,870
deeper than that further back in time

429
00:19:29,350 --> 00:19:25,539
okay so if if you if we could travel to

430
00:19:32,610 --> 00:19:29,360
say the universe is expanding and we

431
00:19:36,039 --> 00:19:32,620
could actually travel to the very end of

432
00:19:38,710 --> 00:19:36,049
you know when it began what's there what

433
00:19:43,330 --> 00:19:38,720
could be there I mean I I can't picture

434
00:19:46,330 --> 00:19:43,340
a wall I mean how does how does the

435
00:19:48,310 --> 00:19:46,340
universe end not end in a way of you

436
00:19:50,590 --> 00:19:48,320
know dying or anything like that but you

437
00:19:52,299 --> 00:19:50,600
mean physically specifically the

438
00:19:54,580 --> 00:19:52,309
universe is probably infinite there is

439
00:19:56,830 --> 00:19:54,590
no end or wall or border you said

440
00:20:02,200 --> 00:19:56,840
there's no edge it just keeps going

441
00:20:05,110 --> 00:20:02,210
forever if it's positively curved then

442
00:20:08,169 --> 00:20:05,120
what could happen is that if you went

443
00:20:10,000 --> 00:20:08,179
forever in one direction or long for a

444
00:20:10,930 --> 00:20:10,010
long time one direction you'd come back

445
00:20:12,789 --> 00:20:10,940
where you started you would

446
00:20:16,000 --> 00:20:12,799
circumnavigate the universe so the

447
00:20:17,919 --> 00:20:16,010
outside of a balloon exactly exactly

448
00:20:19,360 --> 00:20:17,929
through the balloon analogy is often

449
00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:19,370
used in astronomy I don't like

450
00:20:23,980 --> 00:20:21,770
because it's it's only positive

451
00:20:25,570 --> 00:20:23,990
curvature that it shows a better analogy

452
00:20:26,049 --> 00:20:25,580
I like to use my students that is not

453
00:20:28,180 --> 00:20:26,059
mine

454
00:20:30,070 --> 00:20:28,190
I found it online from collies is the

455
00:20:31,900 --> 00:20:30,080
raisin bread so imagine that the

456
00:20:33,880 --> 00:20:31,910
universe is an infinite raisin bread

457
00:20:36,130 --> 00:20:33,890
every raisin is a cluster of galaxies

458
00:20:38,650 --> 00:20:36,140
and as the bread Rises with the yeast

459
00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:38,660
there's more space between the raisins

460
00:20:42,700 --> 00:20:40,250
but there's no edge to the raisin bread

461
00:20:45,310 --> 00:20:42,710
goes to infinity in X Y Z length width

462
00:20:46,600 --> 00:20:45,320
and height so though regardless of the

463
00:20:48,880 --> 00:20:46,610
shape of the universe whether it's

464
00:20:51,669 --> 00:20:48,890
positively curved or flat or negatively

465
00:20:54,820 --> 00:20:51,679
curved there's no there's very likely no

466
00:20:57,430 --> 00:20:54,830
edge or wall and so you should not

467
00:20:59,650 --> 00:20:57,440
picture it's very tempting so you should

468
00:21:02,169 --> 00:20:59,660
not picture the universe as a as a ball

469
00:21:03,700 --> 00:21:02,179
that's expanding that analogy only works

470
00:21:05,530 --> 00:21:03,710
if you look at the surface of the

471
00:21:07,240 --> 00:21:05,540
balloon in the balloon analogy the scent

472
00:21:09,430 --> 00:21:07,250
the central volume of the balloon

473
00:21:11,049 --> 00:21:09,440
doesn't exist and it's a common mistake

474
00:21:13,360 --> 00:21:11,059
you cannot think of the universe as a

475
00:21:16,360 --> 00:21:13,370
ball that just keeps expanding there's

476
00:21:19,660 --> 00:21:16,370
so there's nothing outside yeah okay I

477
00:21:21,820 --> 00:21:19,670
get that yeah I'm going back for just a

478
00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:21,830
second to the Big Bang and then I'm

479
00:21:27,960 --> 00:21:25,010
gonna move on to dark matter but going

480
00:21:31,930 --> 00:21:27,970
back to the Big Bang

481
00:21:33,490 --> 00:21:31,940
how can someone actually picture

482
00:21:35,760 --> 00:21:33,500
something coming from nothing I mean

483
00:21:38,950 --> 00:21:35,770
that's basically what the Big Bang is I

484
00:21:40,870 --> 00:21:38,960
mean that's just unfathomable is is that

485
00:21:42,250 --> 00:21:40,880
does echo along with something we just

486
00:21:44,500 --> 00:21:42,260
can't understand as well

487
00:21:46,570 --> 00:21:44,510
yeah this is where I like I said we're

488
00:21:50,070 --> 00:21:46,580
hitting up you know on the border of our

489
00:21:52,870 --> 00:21:50,080
understanding but many physicists won't

490
00:21:55,299 --> 00:21:52,880
accept that so for example the late

491
00:21:58,660 --> 00:21:55,309
Stephen Hawking did try to find a way

492
00:22:00,850 --> 00:21:58,670
around something from nothing but in my

493
00:22:02,680 --> 00:22:00,860
in my opinion again this is not going to

494
00:22:05,350 --> 00:22:02,690
be the majority opinion of my colleagues

495
00:22:06,970 --> 00:22:05,360
but the way I like to look at it is you

496
00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:06,980
know there are philosophers have

497
00:22:10,299 --> 00:22:09,290
something like 9 I think I saw or maybe

498
00:22:12,250 --> 00:22:10,309
it's more than that probably a dozen

499
00:22:14,200 --> 00:22:12,260
definitions of nothing so it really

500
00:22:16,210 --> 00:22:14,210
depends what you mean by nothing because

501
00:22:19,360 --> 00:22:16,220
I think to sum something from nothing is

502
00:22:21,549 --> 00:22:19,370
a little extreme because one possibility

503
00:22:23,200 --> 00:22:21,559
is to look at it the following ways that

504
00:22:26,470 --> 00:22:23,210
the laws of physics are always there

505
00:22:30,220 --> 00:22:26,480
they're eternal in some way and so you

506
00:22:32,780 --> 00:22:30,230
could have the Big Bang come as what you

507
00:22:35,210 --> 00:22:32,790
might consider as from nothing

508
00:22:37,610 --> 00:22:35,220
from void not as opposed to vacuum which

509
00:22:40,220 --> 00:22:37,620
is you know far from nothing has has

510
00:22:41,630 --> 00:22:40,230
particles in it and so I I think that

511
00:22:43,820 --> 00:22:41,640
yeah that really depends on your

512
00:22:45,230 --> 00:22:43,830
definition of nothing not because

513
00:22:47,540 --> 00:22:45,240
there's so many different levels of

514
00:22:50,660 --> 00:22:47,550
nothing right nothing is a very loaded

515
00:22:53,930 --> 00:22:50,670
word like the word conscious or the word

516
00:22:56,450 --> 00:22:53,940
you know or it's a very loaded word that

517
00:22:59,800 --> 00:22:56,460
a philosopher versus a scientists have

518
00:23:03,260 --> 00:22:59,810
extremely different definitions of

519
00:23:06,380 --> 00:23:03,270
uh-huh you know I think you know I was

520
00:23:08,990 --> 00:23:06,390
going to ask and I have I have some dark

521
00:23:10,490 --> 00:23:09,000
Meritor questions because I know it's

522
00:23:13,340 --> 00:23:10,500
just one of those things that we don't

523
00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:13,350
understand but if you would please tell

524
00:23:18,770 --> 00:23:16,410
the listener audience of what we know as

525
00:23:21,620 --> 00:23:18,780
far as the matter that's out there and

526
00:23:22,970 --> 00:23:21,630
the percentages you know and I know dark

527
00:23:25,130 --> 00:23:22,980
energy something like seventy six

528
00:23:27,620 --> 00:23:25,140
percent or something of but anyway if

529
00:23:29,630 --> 00:23:27,630
you don't mind just going into that sure

530
00:23:33,830 --> 00:23:29,640
so we have what's called the standard

531
00:23:36,260 --> 00:23:33,840
cosmological model is it perfect no but

532
00:23:39,140 --> 00:23:36,270
we are sure of the basics of it because

533
00:23:40,730 --> 00:23:39,150
of many independent datasets many

534
00:23:42,890 --> 00:23:40,740
independent aanchal measurements that

535
00:23:45,800 --> 00:23:42,900
come together and according to all

536
00:23:47,150 --> 00:23:45,810
putting all of our best astronomical as

537
00:23:49,400 --> 00:23:47,160
their physical and cosmological

538
00:23:51,590 --> 00:23:49,410
measurements together we get an estimate

539
00:23:53,810 --> 00:23:51,600
of the fight that five percent of the

540
00:23:56,270 --> 00:23:53,820
universe's atomic matter you know that

541
00:23:58,010 --> 00:23:56,280
makes up you and me and then twenty five

542
00:24:01,850 --> 00:23:58,020
percent is this dark matter and seventy

543
00:24:02,930 --> 00:24:01,860
percent is is dark energy sorry I made a

544
00:24:05,810 --> 00:24:02,940
mistake that doesn't add up to hundred

545
00:24:07,820 --> 00:24:05,820
percent so it's about no that was right

546
00:24:09,380 --> 00:24:07,830
because seventy not seventy five seventy

547
00:24:11,870 --> 00:24:09,390
percent dark energy approximately like

548
00:24:14,390 --> 00:24:11,880
sixty nine point something so so how do

549
00:24:17,420 --> 00:24:14,400
we know that comes from so these are

550
00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:17,430
labels for our ignorance so the dark

551
00:24:23,690 --> 00:24:21,450
matter is a label it means it's a form

552
00:24:26,080 --> 00:24:23,700
of matter that interacts primarily

553
00:24:28,100 --> 00:24:26,090
gravitationally or perhaps only

554
00:24:29,810 --> 00:24:28,110
gravitationally but at least primarily

555
00:24:32,750 --> 00:24:29,820
gravitationally it doesn't have

556
00:24:35,180 --> 00:24:32,760
electromagnetic and nuclear forces like

557
00:24:37,190 --> 00:24:35,190
ordinary matter and dark energy we know

558
00:24:39,950 --> 00:24:37,200
even less about all we know is that

559
00:24:42,820 --> 00:24:39,960
there's something within the energy

560
00:24:44,940 --> 00:24:42,830
density of the universe that has an

561
00:24:47,250 --> 00:24:44,950
anti-gravity like a

562
00:24:49,440 --> 00:24:47,260
fact that is causing the expansion rate

563
00:24:51,450 --> 00:24:49,450
to accelerate we don't know it's you

564
00:24:53,310 --> 00:24:51,460
know particle or a field or energy what

565
00:24:55,050 --> 00:24:53,320
the heck it is Dark Matter we know a

566
00:24:57,240 --> 00:24:55,060
little bit more we still know very very

567
00:25:01,200 --> 00:24:57,250
little because we have not obtained

568
00:25:03,750 --> 00:25:01,210
direct detection of it but it what we do

569
00:25:05,460 --> 00:25:03,760
know is that it at this point with the

570
00:25:08,190 --> 00:25:05,470
amount of evidence we have that it's

571
00:25:10,350 --> 00:25:08,200
very unlikely that oh it's just a

572
00:25:12,060 --> 00:25:10,360
mistake and most of them universe is

573
00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:12,070
just an ordinary matter we see and we're

574
00:25:16,110 --> 00:25:14,410
just misunderstanding gravity that's not

575
00:25:18,570 --> 00:25:16,120
it that's getting increasingly unlikely

576
00:25:20,100 --> 00:25:18,580
the more measurements we take the more

577
00:25:22,050 --> 00:25:20,110
measurements and more observations when

578
00:25:23,850 --> 00:25:22,060
we make an astronomy even though we

579
00:25:26,430 --> 00:25:23,860
still don't have conclusive detection

580
00:25:28,200 --> 00:25:26,440
from particle physics in astronomy we

581
00:25:31,710 --> 00:25:28,210
have a lot of what you could call

582
00:25:34,530 --> 00:25:31,720
indirect or observational evidence that

583
00:25:37,260 --> 00:25:34,540
there's matter out there but it's unseen

584
00:25:38,910 --> 00:25:37,270
it produces gravity but it doesn't

585
00:25:42,330 --> 00:25:38,920
interact through the other forces that

586
00:25:43,890 --> 00:25:42,340
ordinary matter does well they're so

587
00:25:46,140 --> 00:25:43,900
confusing first I want to just give a

588
00:25:48,090 --> 00:25:46,150
quick little shout-out to a friend of

589
00:25:50,280 --> 00:25:48,100
mine over in Vienna hung out with him

590
00:25:53,760 --> 00:25:50,290
when I was over there Eduardo good to

591
00:25:56,160 --> 00:25:53,770
see you in the chat room so as far is

592
00:25:58,050 --> 00:25:56,170
now you just made a point about not

593
00:25:59,490 --> 00:25:58,060
interacting and that just kind of threw

594
00:26:02,280 --> 00:25:59,500
the wrench and a couple things I was

595
00:26:06,960 --> 00:26:02,290
going to say but do you think it's

596
00:26:09,420 --> 00:26:06,970
possible that now I I know nothing about

597
00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:09,430
any of this really to speak of but do

598
00:26:13,890 --> 00:26:11,200
you think it's possible that you know

599
00:26:16,590 --> 00:26:13,900
since astronomy is basically by

600
00:26:19,470 --> 00:26:16,600
observation that it's possible that

601
00:26:24,510 --> 00:26:19,480
there's a spectra that were unaware of

602
00:26:29,070 --> 00:26:24,520
that dark matter is in is that a is that

603
00:26:32,330 --> 00:26:29,080
is that a real layman's question well so

604
00:26:37,020 --> 00:26:32,340
it could be yet there could be an entire

605
00:26:40,350 --> 00:26:37,030
Dark Sector of particles that have their

606
00:26:42,660 --> 00:26:40,360
own self interactions as well as

607
00:26:44,490 --> 00:26:42,670
interactions with ordinary matter rare

608
00:26:46,890 --> 00:26:44,500
ones but still have some interaction

609
00:26:48,420 --> 00:26:46,900
ordinary matter other than gravity so

610
00:26:50,610 --> 00:26:48,430
there are models out there they're

611
00:26:54,390 --> 00:26:50,620
called Dark Sector models and I like

612
00:26:58,670 --> 00:26:54,400
them a lot because I think that it's a

613
00:27:01,040 --> 00:26:58,680
it's not I don't like the idea that

614
00:27:03,290 --> 00:27:01,050
like Oh Dark Matters probably one thing

615
00:27:05,900 --> 00:27:03,300
cuz that's the easiest thing to say I

616
00:27:09,650 --> 00:27:05,910
think it's more likely there's an entire

617
00:27:11,360 --> 00:27:09,660
rich sector that were unaware of which

618
00:27:15,290 --> 00:27:11,370
if I understood you correctly which I

619
00:27:17,420 --> 00:27:15,300
think addresses your question yes and

620
00:27:20,930 --> 00:27:17,430
then this other thing I started thinking

621
00:27:25,610 --> 00:27:20,940
about become I started thinking which is

622
00:27:28,850 --> 00:27:25,620
always dangerous but about the atomic

623
00:27:31,670 --> 00:27:28,860
what's it called the atomic spacing our

624
00:27:33,380 --> 00:27:31,680
I think it's called our inner spacing

625
00:27:36,020 --> 00:27:33,390
something like that you know I

626
00:27:38,300 --> 00:27:36,030
understand like when a black hole occurs

627
00:27:40,460 --> 00:27:38,310
or down to a neutron star like

628
00:27:43,700 --> 00:27:40,470
everything is compressed and I think I

629
00:27:46,610 --> 00:27:43,710
saw somewhere where if they took all the

630
00:27:49,040 --> 00:27:46,620
space from the atoms of a human he'd fit

631
00:27:51,020 --> 00:27:49,050
on a a head of a pin something like that

632
00:27:53,810 --> 00:27:51,030
you know it's really it's really quite

633
00:27:58,010 --> 00:27:53,820
amazing and I started to wonder if you

634
00:28:02,030 --> 00:27:58,020
know Dark Matter may not be a black hole

635
00:28:05,690 --> 00:28:02,040
but somewhat compressed you know atoms

636
00:28:07,280 --> 00:28:05,700
in some type of form along the way that

637
00:28:09,530 --> 00:28:07,290
we're just unaware of that type of

638
00:28:11,510 --> 00:28:09,540
matter I know I'm really reaching for

639
00:28:13,520 --> 00:28:11,520
straws but do you understand where I'm

640
00:28:15,620 --> 00:28:13,530
going I think so yeah no but I should

641
00:28:17,420 --> 00:28:15,630
clarify Dark Matters not necessarily

642
00:28:19,940 --> 00:28:17,430
black holes they might have nothing no I

643
00:28:21,710 --> 00:28:19,950
know yeah they're yeah yeah no but Dark

644
00:28:23,690 --> 00:28:21,720
Matter is all around us so I think what

645
00:28:26,600 --> 00:28:23,700
you're getting at is actually is that

646
00:28:28,070 --> 00:28:26,610
the standard idea of dark matter it's

647
00:28:30,410 --> 00:28:28,080
everywhere it's right now it's all

648
00:28:32,600 --> 00:28:30,420
around us it's passing through us it's

649
00:28:34,580 --> 00:28:32,610
just not interacting very often we

650
00:28:36,140 --> 00:28:34,590
already have a particle like that it

651
00:28:38,210 --> 00:28:36,150
doesn't fit the bill to explain dark

652
00:28:40,220 --> 00:28:38,220
matter but there's the neutrino there

653
00:28:41,480 --> 00:28:40,230
are I forget how many trillions in a

654
00:28:41,900 --> 00:28:41,490
thumbnail I should know it's a huge

655
00:28:43,820 --> 00:28:41,910
number

656
00:28:45,770 --> 00:28:43,830
you're constantly bathed in neutrinos

657
00:28:48,200 --> 00:28:45,780
right now from for example from the Sun

658
00:28:51,200 --> 00:28:48,210
since neutrinos are a byproduct of

659
00:28:53,660 --> 00:28:51,210
nuclear fusion reactions and so dark

660
00:28:56,120 --> 00:28:53,670
matter shouldn't be any more unusual

661
00:28:58,340 --> 00:28:56,130
than particles we already know and love

662
00:29:00,800 --> 00:28:58,350
like the neutrino we're just bathed in a

663
00:29:02,720 --> 00:29:00,810
sea of it harmlessly all the time right

664
00:29:04,580 --> 00:29:02,730
now there's a great many property of

665
00:29:08,000 --> 00:29:04,590
dark matter particles passing through

666
00:29:11,270 --> 00:29:08,010
you and me doing nothing at the moment

667
00:29:12,409 --> 00:29:11,280
even so I hope I'm not positive of that

668
00:29:14,570 --> 00:29:12,419
addressed your

669
00:29:19,729 --> 00:29:14,580
your point well it was kind of a strange

670
00:29:22,639 --> 00:29:19,739
pointing but uh if if let me also put

671
00:29:26,509 --> 00:29:22,649
the scenario past your to you know we

672
00:29:29,060 --> 00:29:26,519
have matter and antimatter is there

673
00:29:33,399 --> 00:29:29,070
could there possibly be any correlation

674
00:29:36,099 --> 00:29:33,409
between matter and dark energy and I

675
00:29:40,279 --> 00:29:36,109
mean I'm sorry in dark matter and

676
00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:40,289
antimatter and dark energy yeah actually

677
00:29:46,460 --> 00:29:42,570
yeah that's a great question so one of

678
00:29:49,190 --> 00:29:46,470
the greatest mysteries in physics is why

679
00:29:51,049 --> 00:29:49,200
we exist at all because the Big Bang

680
00:29:54,769 --> 00:29:51,059
should have made equal amounts of matter

681
00:29:58,009 --> 00:29:54,779
and antimatter but it didn't it made a

682
00:30:00,950 --> 00:29:58,019
tiny little bit something like one part

683
00:30:03,619 --> 00:30:00,960
in a billion extra matter so when matter

684
00:30:06,680 --> 00:30:03,629
and antimatter annihilating into energy

685
00:30:09,289 --> 00:30:06,690
the universe wasn't completely erased

686
00:30:11,570 --> 00:30:09,299
into energy from matter into completing

687
00:30:13,580 --> 00:30:11,580
energy but matter was leftover and that

688
00:30:16,159 --> 00:30:13,590
tiny leftover but then became all the

689
00:30:17,840 --> 00:30:16,169
stars and galaxies it is a great mystery

690
00:30:18,950 --> 00:30:17,850
in physics and actually the neutrinos I

691
00:30:20,810 --> 00:30:18,960
mentioned are one of the ways we're

692
00:30:22,340 --> 00:30:20,820
probing that mystery try and understand

693
00:30:24,619 --> 00:30:22,350
differences between neutrinos and

694
00:30:28,129 --> 00:30:24,629
antineutrinos are they the same particle

695
00:30:31,129 --> 00:30:28,139
are they not and so that's a big mystery

696
00:30:33,950 --> 00:30:31,139
and kind of a second mystery which may

697
00:30:37,009 --> 00:30:33,960
or may not be related is why is the

698
00:30:38,479 --> 00:30:37,019
ratio so this is one ratio I just have

699
00:30:42,739 --> 00:30:38,489
matter and antimatter so much more

700
00:30:45,529 --> 00:30:42,749
matter by a huge fat source or a tiny

701
00:30:47,210 --> 00:30:45,539
factor you know there's vastly there was

702
00:30:49,580 --> 00:30:47,220
almost equal amounts of matter and

703
00:30:51,830 --> 00:30:49,590
antimatter born in the Big Bang but then

704
00:30:53,989 --> 00:30:51,840
another mystery is why is dark matter to

705
00:30:55,519 --> 00:30:53,999
ordinary matter approximately five to

706
00:30:58,489 --> 00:30:55,529
one then where does that come from and

707
00:31:01,430 --> 00:30:58,499
so there are these questions of ratios

708
00:31:03,799 --> 00:31:01,440
of where do those ratios or different

709
00:31:06,799 --> 00:31:03,809
forms of matter come from and are they

710
00:31:08,359 --> 00:31:06,809
related possibly I know there is work in

711
00:31:11,269 --> 00:31:08,369
this area by theoretical physicists

712
00:31:13,789 --> 00:31:11,279
trying to relate these ratios between

713
00:31:16,639 --> 00:31:13,799
matter and antimatter dark matter and

714
00:31:19,810 --> 00:31:16,649
matter but to be clear dark matter would

715
00:31:22,369 --> 00:31:19,820
also have anti dark matter

716
00:31:24,649 --> 00:31:22,379
so so one of the ways we look for dark

717
00:31:25,760 --> 00:31:24,659
matter actually not the way I do which

718
00:31:27,500 --> 00:31:25,770
is called direct attack

719
00:31:29,660 --> 00:31:27,510
but another method in which is an

720
00:31:33,140 --> 00:31:29,670
astronomy called indirect detection

721
00:31:35,840 --> 00:31:33,150
looks for matter I'm dark matter meeting

722
00:31:37,700 --> 00:31:35,850
anti dark matter boom annihilating into

723
00:31:39,230 --> 00:31:37,710
energy and that energy converts into

724
00:31:41,450 --> 00:31:39,240
particles we know and love

725
00:31:43,580 --> 00:31:41,460
gamma rays neutrinos as we look for

726
00:31:47,720 --> 00:31:43,590
those in astronomy and so there's there

727
00:31:49,430 --> 00:31:47,730
may be matter dark matter and anti dark

728
00:31:51,740 --> 00:31:49,440
matter just like there is with a with

729
00:31:54,050 --> 00:31:51,750
with regular matter Wow

730
00:31:56,390 --> 00:31:54,060
and I'm sure you've looked into the

731
00:31:58,310 --> 00:31:56,400
topic of the multiverse and a lot of

732
00:32:01,430 --> 00:31:58,320
times people trying to explain away you

733
00:32:04,670 --> 00:32:01,440
know dark matter in in that way what are

734
00:32:06,290 --> 00:32:04,680
your thoughts on that the brain yeah so

735
00:32:08,450 --> 00:32:06,300
we have to yeah we have to separate

736
00:32:09,770 --> 00:32:08,460
there are two ideas and science

737
00:32:14,630 --> 00:32:09,780
fiction's gets mixed up all the time

738
00:32:17,300 --> 00:32:14,640
there's this all extra dimensions and X

739
00:32:19,220 --> 00:32:17,310
and multiple universes are two

740
00:32:22,220 --> 00:32:19,230
completely different things

741
00:32:24,980 --> 00:32:22,230
Star Trek mixes this up teenage me Ninja

742
00:32:27,440 --> 00:32:24,990
Turtles mixes this up so the brain idea

743
00:32:29,540 --> 00:32:27,450
that's not exactly the same thing as a

744
00:32:31,610 --> 00:32:29,550
multiverse that's just saying that

745
00:32:34,580 --> 00:32:31,620
there's an extra direction in which to

746
00:32:36,350 --> 00:32:34,590
move that we cannot perceive so imagine

747
00:32:38,330 --> 00:32:36,360
we all lived in flatland right that

748
00:32:41,330 --> 00:32:38,340
classic story there would be no word in

749
00:32:43,430 --> 00:32:41,340
our language for up or down so the idea

750
00:32:46,910 --> 00:32:43,440
behind extra dimensions is that perhaps

751
00:32:49,130 --> 00:32:46,920
for example dark matter is ordinary

752
00:32:51,440 --> 00:32:49,140
matter but it's in an extra dimension

753
00:32:55,040 --> 00:32:51,450
this is called the Randle syndrome

754
00:32:58,250 --> 00:32:55,050
modeled by a famous physicist Lisa

755
00:33:00,800 --> 00:32:58,260
Randall and Sundaram so this is a one

756
00:33:02,270 --> 00:33:00,810
possibility I don't like it because if

757
00:33:04,250 --> 00:33:02,280
it's right that means we'll never find

758
00:33:07,460 --> 00:33:04,260
dark matter now with the techniques I'm

759
00:33:10,580 --> 00:33:07,470
I'm using so but it is a valid idea a

760
00:33:13,130 --> 00:33:10,590
suggestion but that's not related to the

761
00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:13,140
multiverse a multiverse is the idea that

762
00:33:17,240 --> 00:33:15,210
you have multiple completely separate

763
00:33:19,820 --> 00:33:17,250
universes each with its own set of

764
00:33:22,700 --> 00:33:19,830
dimensions length and height and what

765
00:33:24,320 --> 00:33:22,710
else but those two like parallel

766
00:33:27,590 --> 00:33:24,330
dimension and parallel universes get

767
00:33:29,450 --> 00:33:27,600
very badly conflated I see this on a

768
00:33:31,190 --> 00:33:29,460
regular basis so yeah we have to

769
00:33:33,560 --> 00:33:31,200
separate those two they're both

770
00:33:35,840 --> 00:33:33,570
extremely interesting and ideas in

771
00:33:39,740 --> 00:33:35,850
science fiction and in real science book

772
00:33:42,080 --> 00:33:39,750
we should try to keep them

773
00:33:43,789 --> 00:33:42,090
yeah I did a pretty good job of mixing

774
00:33:46,639 --> 00:33:43,799
them up there no it's okay yeah you'd

775
00:33:49,039 --> 00:33:46,649
let you want yeah yeah I remember

776
00:33:52,639 --> 00:33:49,049
reading something about that all the

777
00:33:56,810 --> 00:33:52,649
energy that will ever be it was all

778
00:33:58,870 --> 00:33:56,820
created at once and and it just changes

779
00:34:02,659 --> 00:33:58,880
or something like that is that is that

780
00:34:04,370 --> 00:34:02,669
semi accurate well it depends because I

781
00:34:06,049 --> 00:34:04,380
think if the universe is infinite that

782
00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:06,059
makes no sense because then you have an

783
00:34:10,129 --> 00:34:08,010
infinite amount of energy and matter so

784
00:34:13,760 --> 00:34:10,139
that's why in astronomy we often talk

785
00:34:16,609 --> 00:34:13,770
about the energy density how much mass

786
00:34:19,129 --> 00:34:16,619
how much energy is there per unit volume

787
00:34:21,440 --> 00:34:19,139
in the universe because if the universe

788
00:34:23,300 --> 00:34:21,450
is truly infinite with an infinite

789
00:34:25,730 --> 00:34:23,310
number of stars and galaxies an infant

790
00:34:27,619 --> 00:34:25,740
number of atoms it makes no sense to say

791
00:34:30,109 --> 00:34:27,629
well that infinite amount of energy was

792
00:34:31,760 --> 00:34:30,119
born at once and changes form but

793
00:34:33,079 --> 00:34:31,770
furthermore there's another issue it's

794
00:34:36,680 --> 00:34:33,089
saying that which is energy is

795
00:34:39,470 --> 00:34:36,690
constantly lost so what what we learn is

796
00:34:42,109 --> 00:34:39,480
conservation of energy like in you know

797
00:34:44,919 --> 00:34:42,119
sixth grade science class is almost

798
00:34:47,809 --> 00:34:44,929
correct it works on very small scales

799
00:34:50,569 --> 00:34:47,819
but since the universe is expanding it's

800
00:34:53,960 --> 00:34:50,579
actually constantly losing energy so

801
00:34:57,260 --> 00:34:53,970
energy is still conserved but not in the

802
00:34:59,480 --> 00:34:57,270
like this the the the the simple way

803
00:35:00,800 --> 00:34:59,490
that we learned in the nineteenth early

804
00:35:03,410 --> 00:35:00,810
twentieth century that's a good

805
00:35:06,440 --> 00:35:03,420
approximation for everyday lives but

806
00:35:09,260 --> 00:35:06,450
energy is actually as a whole is is

807
00:35:12,400 --> 00:35:09,270
constantly just disappearing because as

808
00:35:15,859 --> 00:35:12,410
the universe expands and cools down

809
00:35:17,839 --> 00:35:15,869
energy is being lost in the traditional

810
00:35:19,579 --> 00:35:17,849
sense so in one way of looking at it is

811
00:35:25,329 --> 00:35:19,589
that actually we're constantly losing

812
00:35:33,829 --> 00:35:25,339
energy as the universe cools down I see

813
00:35:36,170 --> 00:35:33,839
so if as far as traveling from I've

814
00:35:41,750 --> 00:35:36,180
heard it said by another astronomer that

815
00:35:43,190 --> 00:35:41,760
if the if the earth was the size of the

816
00:35:45,920 --> 00:35:43,200
ball on a ballpoint pen

817
00:35:49,190 --> 00:35:45,930
and it was in Washington DC the nearest

818
00:35:51,470 --> 00:35:49,200
star would be San Francisco and that's

819
00:35:52,890 --> 00:35:51,480
to give kind of because we can't really

820
00:35:56,040 --> 00:35:52,900
fathom do

821
00:35:59,070 --> 00:35:56,050
since when it comes to all that do you

822
00:36:01,140 --> 00:35:59,080
think that at some point you think would

823
00:36:05,280 --> 00:36:01,150
ever actually be able to get a craft to

824
00:36:08,400 --> 00:36:05,290
another solar system yes I think it will

825
00:36:10,500 --> 00:36:08,410
be easier to do unmanned which is

826
00:36:12,150 --> 00:36:10,510
unfortunate I'm a lover of Star Trek as

827
00:36:15,180 --> 00:36:12,160
you know it'd be great to travel in

828
00:36:17,130 --> 00:36:15,190
ships but I've resisted this for many

829
00:36:20,160 --> 00:36:17,140
years no you know we got to have manned

830
00:36:23,820 --> 00:36:20,170
exploration but unfortunately those who

831
00:36:25,590 --> 00:36:23,830
say you know that it would be easier to

832
00:36:28,050 --> 00:36:25,600
do it with small objects like a little

833
00:36:30,240 --> 00:36:28,060
like little cameras automated things

834
00:36:32,880 --> 00:36:30,250
here's the reason why it's because so

835
00:36:35,790 --> 00:36:32,890
those distances you speak of are really

836
00:36:37,380 --> 00:36:35,800
not so bad if you can travel

837
00:36:40,470 --> 00:36:37,390
significantly close to the speed of

838
00:36:42,420 --> 00:36:40,480
light but how do you do that that's much

839
00:36:45,630 --> 00:36:42,430
easier if you have a smaller mass it

840
00:36:48,360 --> 00:36:45,640
takes less force then to accelerate so

841
00:36:49,980 --> 00:36:48,370
it's much easier to take a swab jerk and

842
00:36:52,470 --> 00:36:49,990
even then it's not easy youself to

843
00:36:54,720 --> 00:36:52,480
account for if you're traveling at high

844
00:36:56,880 --> 00:36:54,730
speeds you know a piece of dust is fatal

845
00:36:59,370 --> 00:36:56,890
you know destroys even a tiny craft so

846
00:37:02,610 --> 00:36:59,380
you have to there still extreme

847
00:37:05,040 --> 00:37:02,620
challenges but I think the challenges of

848
00:37:06,870 --> 00:37:05,050
engineering not challenges of physics so

849
00:37:10,260 --> 00:37:06,880
I always tell my students is there's not

850
00:37:12,720 --> 00:37:10,270
there's no flaw of physics that is

851
00:37:15,150 --> 00:37:12,730
stopping us from space exploration in

852
00:37:16,530 --> 00:37:15,160
fact physics works in our favor you know

853
00:37:18,300 --> 00:37:16,540
I mentioned it so many times always

854
00:37:21,330 --> 00:37:18,310
reminding people about time dilation

855
00:37:23,820 --> 00:37:21,340
it's so often forgotten in fiction and

856
00:37:26,370 --> 00:37:23,830
science fiction is that you know the

857
00:37:28,620 --> 00:37:26,380
time dilation works in your favor the

858
00:37:30,900 --> 00:37:28,630
slowing of time as you approach the

859
00:37:33,240 --> 00:37:30,910
speed of light and so I think the

860
00:37:36,120 --> 00:37:33,250
problem of interstellar exploration is

861
00:37:38,430 --> 00:37:36,130
not one of physics it's one of

862
00:37:39,990 --> 00:37:38,440
engineering how do you get fuel how do

863
00:37:41,850 --> 00:37:40,000
you get the shielding but there's

864
00:37:44,640 --> 00:37:41,860
nothing in the laws of physics as we

865
00:37:48,390 --> 00:37:44,650
know them that would say interstellar

866
00:37:50,370 --> 00:37:48,400
exploration is impossible it's difficult

867
00:37:53,550 --> 00:37:50,380
but there's a big difference between

868
00:37:55,500 --> 00:37:53,560
difficult and impossible even extremely

869
00:38:00,750 --> 00:37:55,510
difficult is not the same thing as

870
00:38:04,440 --> 00:38:00,760
impossible right so let's let's touch a

871
00:38:06,870 --> 00:38:04,450
little bit on the the UFO topic you know

872
00:38:10,770 --> 00:38:06,880
you mentioned just a second ago that

873
00:38:13,650 --> 00:38:10,780
maybe unmanned would be the way to go if

874
00:38:15,900 --> 00:38:13,660
we are you know things are happening

875
00:38:17,580 --> 00:38:15,910
people are seeing things we don't know

876
00:38:19,440 --> 00:38:17,590
exactly what they are you know maybe

877
00:38:21,960 --> 00:38:19,450
there's explanations for some of them

878
00:38:25,260 --> 00:38:21,970
but some there's absolutely no

879
00:38:30,330 --> 00:38:25,270
explanations for what people have seen

880
00:38:32,880 --> 00:38:30,340
that we that we know of so I guess the

881
00:38:35,850 --> 00:38:32,890
question is do you think that if we are

882
00:38:39,390 --> 00:38:35,860
being visited it's most likely by some

883
00:38:41,400 --> 00:38:39,400
type of drone or something exploring if

884
00:38:44,520 --> 00:38:41,410
you again I'm asking you theorize I

885
00:38:46,230 --> 00:38:44,530
don't know yeah no yeah absolutely yeah

886
00:38:47,760 --> 00:38:46,240
no I'm very I know even though this

887
00:38:50,340 --> 00:38:47,770
isn't your great animation at the

888
00:38:53,160 --> 00:38:50,350
beginning of your of the podcast I'm

889
00:38:55,230 --> 00:38:53,170
extremely skeptical you know like the

890
00:38:59,940 --> 00:38:55,240
gray skin you know humanoid I think it's

891
00:39:02,580 --> 00:38:59,950
much more likely that there are a drones

892
00:39:05,370 --> 00:39:02,590
with no beings would probably be a more

893
00:39:07,650 --> 00:39:05,380
likely first encounter just given how

894
00:39:11,100 --> 00:39:07,660
much easier it would be to just take a

895
00:39:12,690 --> 00:39:11,110
small object that's you know remote

896
00:39:15,240 --> 00:39:12,700
controls the wrong word can form own

897
00:39:16,620 --> 00:39:15,250
control for that distance because of the

898
00:39:18,270 --> 00:39:16,630
speed of light but you know you may be

899
00:39:20,940 --> 00:39:18,280
some sort of artificially intelligent

900
00:39:23,460 --> 00:39:20,950
robot like a von Neumann probe or

901
00:39:25,680 --> 00:39:23,470
something like that from that vine or me

902
00:39:30,330 --> 00:39:25,690
said I think that that is much more

903
00:39:34,110 --> 00:39:30,340
probable than that then craft with

904
00:39:36,930 --> 00:39:34,120
beings I would be tho thrilled to be

905
00:39:39,390 --> 00:39:36,940
wrong on that I will be very thrilled to

906
00:39:41,820 --> 00:39:39,400
be long I would love to have you know a

907
00:39:44,820 --> 00:39:41,830
gray humanoid or some other you know

908
00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:44,830
alien ships you see on TV say hey you

909
00:39:48,960 --> 00:39:47,290
know here we are and and and we're

910
00:39:50,940 --> 00:39:48,970
aliens and we're real and we've traveled

911
00:39:53,400 --> 00:39:50,950
this you know distance I would be

912
00:39:57,030 --> 00:39:53,410
thrilled if that was the case but I

913
00:39:59,760 --> 00:39:57,040
think that it's more probable and easier

914
00:40:02,180 --> 00:39:59,770
to imagine that just like with the same

915
00:40:04,410 --> 00:40:02,190
problems we have you know radiation

916
00:40:06,150 --> 00:40:04,420
traveling through space shielding I

917
00:40:08,160 --> 00:40:06,160
mentioned against you know just you know

918
00:40:09,540 --> 00:40:08,170
you know a speck of dust hits your ship

919
00:40:12,000 --> 00:40:09,550
and it's toast because you're traveling

920
00:40:14,010 --> 00:40:12,010
so fast right you know so it's because

921
00:40:17,880 --> 00:40:14,020
of because of those things I I think

922
00:40:19,440 --> 00:40:17,890
that on that that that probes with you

923
00:40:21,270 --> 00:40:19,450
know unmanned is the wrong word

924
00:40:23,460 --> 00:40:21,280
not just you know men and and women but

925
00:40:24,840 --> 00:40:23,470
also so it's it's also we're not talking

926
00:40:28,530 --> 00:40:24,850
about humans right so I don't know

927
00:40:31,800 --> 00:40:28,540
unpeopled uh you know it's possible that

928
00:40:35,550 --> 00:40:31,810
I think that that's more probable of a

929
00:40:37,260 --> 00:40:35,560
scenario of first contact yeah and you

930
00:40:38,550 --> 00:40:37,270
know the James Webb telescope is gonna

931
00:40:40,080 --> 00:40:38,560
go up there and you know maybe it'll

932
00:40:44,670 --> 00:40:40,090
teach us a lot more I think that's

933
00:40:46,650 --> 00:40:44,680
really fascinating do you I asked this

934
00:40:48,450 --> 00:40:46,660
question of a lot of people that do come

935
00:40:52,200 --> 00:40:48,460
on the show with your type of background

936
00:40:54,570 --> 00:40:52,210
and that is why us why do you think if

937
00:40:58,950 --> 00:40:54,580
we are in fact being visited I'm not

938
00:41:01,800 --> 00:40:58,960
sure if we are not from another say

939
00:41:04,650 --> 00:41:01,810
intelligence of some kind what would

940
00:41:07,800 --> 00:41:04,660
make us so special out there and and

941
00:41:12,750 --> 00:41:07,810
let's just say our own galaxy well

942
00:41:15,630 --> 00:41:12,760
that's a great question I think my best

943
00:41:18,210 --> 00:41:15,640
answer is is that perhaps perhaps life

944
00:41:22,530 --> 00:41:18,220
is rare so it's perhaps that we're not

945
00:41:24,510 --> 00:41:22,540
alone but what if there are only I don't

946
00:41:25,590 --> 00:41:24,520
know ten civilizations in the entire

947
00:41:27,450 --> 00:41:25,600
galaxy I'm messing with the entire

948
00:41:29,790 --> 00:41:27,460
universe you're saying to our galaxy so

949
00:41:32,070 --> 00:41:29,800
it's potentially possible that if

950
00:41:36,120 --> 00:41:32,080
intelligent life exists in the galaxy

951
00:41:39,950 --> 00:41:36,130
other than Earth it's still relatively

952
00:41:42,420 --> 00:41:39,960
rare and also we also have to realize

953
00:41:44,400 --> 00:41:42,430
that if there are other intelligent

954
00:41:48,420 --> 00:41:44,410
races why would they why would they not

955
00:41:51,000 --> 00:41:48,430
have the same spirit of curiosity and

956
00:41:53,040 --> 00:41:51,010
adventure and exploration as we do

957
00:41:56,640 --> 00:41:53,050
because let's turn the tables on your

958
00:41:58,170 --> 00:41:56,650
question if we found some alien race you

959
00:41:59,910 --> 00:41:58,180
bet your butt we would probably be

960
00:42:01,440 --> 00:41:59,920
spying on them before saying hello we

961
00:42:03,480 --> 00:42:01,450
wouldn't say hello we'd spy on them like

962
00:42:05,370 --> 00:42:03,490
they do on Star Trek right to not

963
00:42:07,110 --> 00:42:05,380
violate the prime directive at everybody

964
00:42:10,500 --> 00:42:07,120
we have our little station with the

965
00:42:13,020 --> 00:42:10,510
cloak so you can't see so if the tables

966
00:42:16,110 --> 00:42:13,030
were turned you know we would we would

967
00:42:19,530 --> 00:42:16,120
have some highly classified you know

968
00:42:22,560 --> 00:42:19,540
listening posts for up early and for for

969
00:42:26,280 --> 00:42:22,570
the others and so but I think a spirit

970
00:42:28,080 --> 00:42:26,290
of curiosity really really cuts to the

971
00:42:30,960 --> 00:42:28,090
heart of that as well as like I said the

972
00:42:32,880 --> 00:42:30,970
rareness what if it is only you know 10

973
00:42:34,800 --> 00:42:32,890
or 20 civilizations with

974
00:42:37,830 --> 00:42:34,810
like a lot since we have only evidence

975
00:42:39,990 --> 00:42:37,840
right now just one us but that's a very

976
00:42:42,120 --> 00:42:40,000
small number given the huge distances

977
00:42:44,460 --> 00:42:42,130
you mentioned earlier if it is only 10

978
00:42:46,950 --> 00:42:44,470
or 20 which it could be they're very

979
00:42:48,420 --> 00:42:46,960
very normally separated then on average

980
00:42:50,910 --> 00:42:48,430
if they're spread randomly throughout

981
00:42:53,850 --> 00:42:50,920
the galaxy do you think that we will

982
00:42:54,930 --> 00:42:53,860
find intelligent life within a certain

983
00:42:57,590 --> 00:42:54,940
amount of time have you ever

984
00:43:00,030 --> 00:42:57,600
contemplated that I'm positive I'm

985
00:43:02,730 --> 00:43:00,040
positive I don't know if I don't know

986
00:43:05,970 --> 00:43:02,740
how I don't know if it will be SETI will

987
00:43:07,860 --> 00:43:05,980
be successful finding a signal or is it

988
00:43:10,290 --> 00:43:07,870
that some spoor ssin of the UFO

989
00:43:12,060 --> 00:43:10,300
phenomenon is genuine I think that's

990
00:43:14,160 --> 00:43:12,070
actually possible that's why I'm here

991
00:43:16,830 --> 00:43:14,170
right on your pockets and and and some

992
00:43:20,190 --> 00:43:16,840
and and just and more full disclosure I

993
00:43:23,190 --> 00:43:20,200
will come out speaking of which uh-huh

994
00:43:26,190 --> 00:43:23,200
you're gonna get really excited when you

995
00:43:29,460 --> 00:43:26,200
mentioned the big thing coming yeah if

996
00:43:31,560 --> 00:43:29,470
I'm not mistaken I may be at least

997
00:43:35,190 --> 00:43:31,570
partially responsible for it if it's

998
00:43:37,140 --> 00:43:35,200
what if it's what I'm thinking um so we

999
00:43:38,790 --> 00:43:37,150
shall see and if it is I'll let you know

1000
00:43:41,160 --> 00:43:38,800
after the pockets even I'll be like oh

1001
00:43:43,950 --> 00:43:41,170
yeah this is so yeah cuz I've been

1002
00:43:46,530 --> 00:43:43,960
pushing for very hard not as hard as my

1003
00:43:48,510 --> 00:43:46,540
colleague Kevin you know Kevin truth -

1004
00:43:51,930 --> 00:43:48,520
lets get all the secrets out of what we

1005
00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:51,940
know because even if it's not you know

1006
00:43:56,730 --> 00:43:54,010
if some of these unknown craft were

1007
00:43:58,350 --> 00:43:56,740
allegedly saying let's say it's it's

1008
00:44:00,960 --> 00:43:58,360
it's not aliens but it's you know

1009
00:44:02,400 --> 00:44:00,970
another country what if it's Russian or

1010
00:44:04,080 --> 00:44:02,410
Chinese technology this is a threat to

1011
00:44:07,410 --> 00:44:04,090
national security we should stop

1012
00:44:09,390 --> 00:44:07,420
laughing off all of this and take and

1013
00:44:11,940 --> 00:44:09,400
and just not and and take it more

1014
00:44:15,030 --> 00:44:11,950
seriously even if the percentage chance

1015
00:44:17,460 --> 00:44:15,040
is small that something's real it's

1016
00:44:19,320 --> 00:44:17,470
worth the risk because the gain is

1017
00:44:23,130 --> 00:44:19,330
enormous I like to call this the zero

1018
00:44:26,250 --> 00:44:23,140
times infinity gamble right that yeah

1019
00:44:28,440 --> 00:44:26,260
that the chances of close to zero but

1020
00:44:32,100 --> 00:44:28,450
not zero but close that you know we're

1021
00:44:35,910 --> 00:44:32,110
being visited by aliens in crafts but if

1022
00:44:40,050 --> 00:44:35,920
we are the gains in human knowledge are

1023
00:44:41,940 --> 00:44:40,060
so vast there should outweigh the risks

1024
00:44:44,190 --> 00:44:41,950
of wasting time quote unquote

1025
00:44:46,610 --> 00:44:44,200
as a scientist treating it seriously I

1026
00:44:49,660 --> 00:44:46,620
think that the games are so mass

1027
00:44:52,280 --> 00:44:49,670
that they outweigh I'll weigh the risk

1028
00:44:54,880 --> 00:44:52,290
well you know it's really really

1029
00:44:58,100 --> 00:44:54,890
difficult for me to not push you on what

1030
00:45:01,490 --> 00:44:58,110
may be coming out that you can have

1031
00:45:03,350 --> 00:45:01,500
something involvement you probably could

1032
00:45:05,480 --> 00:45:03,360
be wrong I could be wrong but I was

1033
00:45:07,130 --> 00:45:05,490
pushing with Kevin for like we're trying

1034
00:45:10,780 --> 00:45:07,140
to get more stuff out because we're

1035
00:45:14,780 --> 00:45:10,790
frustrated with how the um the immense

1036
00:45:17,690 --> 00:45:14,790
all the secrecy because I think that in

1037
00:45:19,520 --> 00:45:17,700
in as a scientist I'll tell you that so

1038
00:45:24,650 --> 00:45:19,530
open science is a great thing

1039
00:45:26,030 --> 00:45:24,660
secrecy is so incredibly detrimental to

1040
00:45:28,550 --> 00:45:26,040
scientific progress

1041
00:45:31,370 --> 00:45:28,560
so let me speculate this is speculation

1042
00:45:32,990 --> 00:45:31,380
let's pretend let's say what if Roswell

1043
00:45:35,780 --> 00:45:33,000
or something else what if one of the

1044
00:45:38,060 --> 00:45:35,790
claims of crash craft is real right

1045
00:45:41,300 --> 00:45:38,070
let's say it's one at least one claim is

1046
00:45:43,700 --> 00:45:41,310
real where's all the great technology

1047
00:45:45,290 --> 00:45:43,710
reverse engineer for the alien craft why

1048
00:45:48,320 --> 00:45:45,300
don't we have anti-gravity flying around

1049
00:45:50,090 --> 00:45:48,330
do you know why because this is again

1050
00:45:54,110 --> 00:45:50,100
I'm speculating I'm saying for the sake

1051
00:45:55,760 --> 00:45:54,120
of argument let's assume some claim of a

1052
00:45:59,570 --> 00:45:55,770
crashed craft kept by the US government

1053
00:46:01,070 --> 00:45:59,580
is true do you know why I imagine we

1054
00:46:03,380 --> 00:46:01,080
wouldn't have made no progress then is

1055
00:46:05,240 --> 00:46:03,390
because the way you make progress in

1056
00:46:06,980 --> 00:46:05,250
science is you get thousands of

1057
00:46:09,380 --> 00:46:06,990
scientists together you don't have your

1058
00:46:10,820 --> 00:46:09,390
five or your ten who are you know have

1059
00:46:13,340 --> 00:46:10,830
the national security clearance

1060
00:46:14,960 --> 00:46:13,350
they will make no progress not because

1061
00:46:17,330 --> 00:46:14,970
they're they're dumb or inexperienced

1062
00:46:19,340 --> 00:46:17,340
absolutely not I know many of the people

1063
00:46:21,680 --> 00:46:19,350
people have come out who have worked on

1064
00:46:23,540 --> 00:46:21,690
project highly intelligent people who

1065
00:46:25,760 --> 00:46:23,550
are laughed at for being crackpots but

1066
00:46:29,660 --> 00:46:25,770
many of them are not however the issue

1067
00:46:33,980 --> 00:46:29,670
is is that you even 5 or 10 geniuses is

1068
00:46:36,080 --> 00:46:33,990
not enough imagine Sherlock Holmes or a

1069
00:46:40,520 --> 00:46:36,090
non fictional character imagine a

1070
00:46:43,670 --> 00:46:40,530
scientist in 1895 imagine them trying to

1071
00:46:46,280 --> 00:46:43,680
deconstruct my laptop they wouldn't have

1072
00:46:48,890 --> 00:46:46,290
the faintest idea where to begin the

1073
00:46:50,900 --> 00:46:48,900
only way we would make progress would be

1074
00:46:53,660 --> 00:46:50,910
we would need thousand we would need

1075
00:46:55,430 --> 00:46:53,670
like a Manhattan Project level thing so

1076
00:46:57,470 --> 00:46:55,440
Manhattan Project I know is classified

1077
00:46:59,210 --> 00:46:57,480
so that seems to defeat my argument but

1078
00:47:03,170 --> 00:46:59,220
I I think that the more Oh

1079
00:47:05,870 --> 00:47:03,180
that science is the more progress the

1080
00:47:08,210 --> 00:47:05,880
more progress we make we if we were in

1081
00:47:09,530 --> 00:47:08,220
it all together but right now we don't

1082
00:47:11,720 --> 00:47:09,540
know what's right and what's wrong right

1083
00:47:13,790 --> 00:47:11,730
what's information was disinformation or

1084
00:47:17,240 --> 00:47:13,800
misinformation right it's just such a

1085
00:47:19,099 --> 00:47:17,250
mixed bag right now yeah yeah and and

1086
00:47:21,800 --> 00:47:19,109
you're right and there is there is a lot

1087
00:47:23,390 --> 00:47:21,810
a lot going around there's a little bit

1088
00:47:25,190 --> 00:47:23,400
I don't know if you pay attention at all

1089
00:47:27,559 --> 00:47:25,200
there's a little bit of friction in the

1090
00:47:31,520 --> 00:47:27,569
UFO community you know here and there

1091
00:47:33,890 --> 00:47:31,530
has a lot of faith yeah oh really yeah

1092
00:47:38,500 --> 00:47:33,900
yeah there's some Facebook battles going

1093
00:47:42,079 --> 00:47:38,510
on I kind of pulled out of one yesterday

1094
00:47:43,990 --> 00:47:42,089
just and it kind of ended it with okay

1095
00:47:49,309 --> 00:47:44,000
I'll keep an open mind just to stop the

1096
00:47:52,460 --> 00:47:49,319
just about the fighting but anyway so

1097
00:47:55,180 --> 00:47:52,470
pointless though if aliens are real that

1098
00:47:57,440 --> 00:47:55,190
is so much more important than our petty

1099
00:48:00,109 --> 00:47:57,450
disagreements on social media on Twitter

1100
00:48:02,510 --> 00:48:00,119
Facebook it's just this is so much

1101
00:48:06,050 --> 00:48:02,520
bigger and more important that it makes

1102
00:48:10,670 --> 00:48:06,060
our squabbling look so petty by

1103
00:48:13,160 --> 00:48:10,680
comparison if even 0.1% of the claims

1104
00:48:16,819 --> 00:48:13,170
made about UFOs and alleged alien even

1105
00:48:19,040 --> 00:48:16,829
if 0.1% was was true there's so

1106
00:48:21,950 --> 00:48:19,050
important that we should come together

1107
00:48:24,859 --> 00:48:21,960
not argue and come together to research

1108
00:48:26,510 --> 00:48:24,869
this yeah what do you think it would do

1109
00:48:29,390 --> 00:48:26,520
you know we have a let's see we have

1110
00:48:31,849 --> 00:48:29,400
about six minutes until the break so

1111
00:48:35,990 --> 00:48:31,859
what do you think all of a sudden we

1112
00:48:38,900 --> 00:48:36,000
said hey there's intelligent life and we

1113
00:48:41,240 --> 00:48:38,910
can interact with it out there what do

1114
00:48:43,099 --> 00:48:41,250
you think that would do to society and

1115
00:48:46,730 --> 00:48:43,109
the world do you think would pull us

1116
00:48:49,970 --> 00:48:46,740
together possibly I used to think that I

1117
00:48:52,670 --> 00:48:49,980
used to think that a crisis would pull

1118
00:48:55,670 --> 00:48:52,680
us together and then came the kovat

1119
00:48:57,890 --> 00:48:55,680
pandemic yeah and then came George Floyd

1120
00:49:01,040 --> 00:48:57,900
and then and then the riots and then the

1121
00:49:03,829 --> 00:49:01,050
president tweeting and then like we got

1122
00:49:05,690 --> 00:49:03,839
we are so polarized that I'm actually

1123
00:49:08,349 --> 00:49:05,700
starting to change my mind I used to

1124
00:49:11,150 --> 00:49:08,359
think that we would be pulled together

1125
00:49:13,370 --> 00:49:11,160
immediately like all there's aliens out

1126
00:49:15,140 --> 00:49:13,380
there no I

1127
00:49:17,360 --> 00:49:15,150
fear that what the pandemic has taught

1128
00:49:20,330 --> 00:49:17,370
me is they actually know ik right I used

1129
00:49:22,670 --> 00:49:20,340
to think naively I think that a crisis

1130
00:49:24,500 --> 00:49:22,680
would pull humanity together but

1131
00:49:26,660 --> 00:49:24,510
unfortunately what I'm seeing more and

1132
00:49:29,360 --> 00:49:26,670
more is that there's more that it

1133
00:49:32,000 --> 00:49:29,370
fractures things even worse I I think

1134
00:49:35,450 --> 00:49:32,010
that what would it be it would still be

1135
00:49:36,680 --> 00:49:35,460
that but here's the catch I still think

1136
00:49:39,110 --> 00:49:36,690
it would be the right thing to do

1137
00:49:41,330 --> 00:49:39,120
like if the US government or some other

1138
00:49:41,660 --> 00:49:41,340
government knows the truths not telling

1139
00:49:44,300 --> 00:49:41,670
us

1140
00:49:46,460 --> 00:49:44,310
I still think will be for the best for

1141
00:49:48,530 --> 00:49:46,470
immediate full disclosure even though

1142
00:49:51,290 --> 00:49:48,540
there would be problems there would be

1143
00:49:53,060 --> 00:49:51,300
chaos and also disbelief

1144
00:49:57,410 --> 00:49:53,070
oh that's course that's nonsense you

1145
00:49:59,000 --> 00:49:57,420
know Kevin says is that there were my

1146
00:50:00,290 --> 00:49:59,010
you know my good friend Kevin Knuth once

1147
00:50:03,110 --> 00:50:00,300
said that you know there will be people

1148
00:50:05,440 --> 00:50:03,120
the where you could drag an alien out of

1149
00:50:07,970 --> 00:50:05,450
a spaceship on live TV into a

1150
00:50:10,610 --> 00:50:07,980
vivisection and they would still be like

1151
00:50:13,010 --> 00:50:10,620
oh it's Photoshop you know so like there

1152
00:50:15,950 --> 00:50:13,020
there's nothing you could do to convince

1153
00:50:18,110 --> 00:50:15,960
some people the president tomorrow could

1154
00:50:20,150 --> 00:50:18,120
call press conference and say hey

1155
00:50:22,040 --> 00:50:20,160
everybody aliens are real and people get

1156
00:50:24,350 --> 00:50:22,050
like whatever and you more than even

1157
00:50:25,850 --> 00:50:24,360
have one beside him yes and have one

1158
00:50:26,480 --> 00:50:25,860
beside him and people be like yeah

1159
00:50:27,680 --> 00:50:26,490
that's fake

1160
00:50:29,030 --> 00:50:27,690
that's photoshopped oh good night

1161
00:50:33,110 --> 00:50:29,040
special the Hollywood special-effects so

1162
00:50:34,940 --> 00:50:33,120
there is such um so I think that what I

1163
00:50:38,060 --> 00:50:34,950
think it's for the best in the long run

1164
00:50:40,730 --> 00:50:38,070
but in the short run if intelligent life

1165
00:50:44,060 --> 00:50:40,740
is real out there and we already know

1166
00:50:47,390 --> 00:50:44,070
about it I think that despite short term

1167
00:50:49,160 --> 00:50:47,400
negativity of chaos vers disbelief than

1168
00:50:50,780 --> 00:50:49,170
chaos then you know you'd have religious

1169
00:50:52,820 --> 00:50:50,790
fanaticism all kinds of crazy stuff

1170
00:50:56,000 --> 00:50:52,830
happening but I think it would be best

1171
00:50:58,700 --> 00:50:56,010
for the long run so that we put humanity

1172
00:51:01,490 --> 00:50:58,710
can finally put on you know some you

1173
00:51:02,780 --> 00:51:01,500
know grow up and become an adult right

1174
00:51:04,880 --> 00:51:02,790
you know I think it was arthur c clarke

1175
00:51:07,760 --> 00:51:04,890
right end of childhood right so i think

1176
00:51:09,530 --> 00:51:07,770
that for the long run it would be better

1177
00:51:12,590 --> 00:51:09,540
just like the crises i mentioned which

1178
00:51:15,710 --> 00:51:12,600
are polarizing i'm still hoping that

1179
00:51:17,770 --> 00:51:15,720
they'll make change that they'll still

1180
00:51:21,190 --> 00:51:17,780
be long-term change like police reform

1181
00:51:24,320 --> 00:51:21,200
health care i'm still holding out hope

1182
00:51:24,790 --> 00:51:24,330
that that there are recent problems with

1183
00:51:28,330 --> 00:51:24,800
Kove

1184
00:51:30,340 --> 00:51:28,340
and racism that they still lead to a

1185
00:51:33,220 --> 00:51:30,350
more positive outcome in the long run

1186
00:51:35,320 --> 00:51:33,230
but in the short-term causes way more

1187
00:51:37,120 --> 00:51:35,330
polarization that's exactly what would

1188
00:51:38,440 --> 00:51:37,130
happen if tomorrow government came out

1189
00:51:41,140 --> 00:51:38,450
and said hey everybody aliens are real

1190
00:51:45,070 --> 00:51:41,150
there would be first short term very

1191
00:51:46,930 --> 00:51:45,080
very negative things riots etc but in

1192
00:51:48,760 --> 00:51:46,940
the long term it's the for the best of

1193
00:51:50,530 --> 00:51:48,770
humanity I think I think it's worse the

1194
00:51:52,990 --> 00:51:50,540
longer we keep it because then I'll be

1195
00:51:55,930 --> 00:51:53,000
like oh yeah we knew 75 years ago we

1196
00:51:58,530 --> 00:51:55,940
knew 105 years ago I would be angry I

1197
00:52:01,300 --> 00:51:58,540
would be pissed citizen and and

1198
00:52:04,180 --> 00:52:01,310
scientists so I think that's putting it

1199
00:52:08,770 --> 00:52:04,190
off if it's real putting off disclosure

1200
00:52:10,870 --> 00:52:08,780
in the end this is a bad bad gamble it's

1201
00:52:13,870 --> 00:52:10,880
a lot it's a bigger detriment in the

1202
00:52:16,060 --> 00:52:13,880
long term to everyone right um you know

1203
00:52:17,620 --> 00:52:16,070
I've often said of the show that you

1204
00:52:19,300 --> 00:52:17,630
know maybe the government knows

1205
00:52:22,000 --> 00:52:19,310
something is going on but doesn't know

1206
00:52:24,610 --> 00:52:22,010
really much more than we do but I do

1207
00:52:27,610 --> 00:52:24,620
want to just say one thing also along

1208
00:52:29,020 --> 00:52:27,620
the polarization of what you just said

1209
00:52:31,660 --> 00:52:29,030
about what we're going through there's

1210
00:52:33,400 --> 00:52:31,670
also some really you know mixed in with

1211
00:52:36,670 --> 00:52:33,410
that there's some wonderful acts of

1212
00:52:40,360 --> 00:52:36,680
human humanity out there as well yeah

1213
00:52:43,690 --> 00:52:40,370
you know you do see that and a lot so it

1214
00:52:46,540 --> 00:52:43,700
is mixed in but unfortunately you know I

1215
00:52:49,900 --> 00:52:46,550
don't know if the media focuses more on

1216
00:52:51,760 --> 00:52:49,910
I don't really know you know that's why

1217
00:52:53,740 --> 00:52:51,770
we see you know you're absolutely right

1218
00:52:57,250 --> 00:52:53,750
there are so many acts of kindness there

1219
00:53:01,210 --> 00:52:57,260
are our people who you know we've seen

1220
00:53:03,370 --> 00:53:01,220
where the police for example joining

1221
00:53:05,080 --> 00:53:03,380
with protesters as I'm saying look we're

1222
00:53:06,970 --> 00:53:05,090
not against you when your side will

1223
00:53:08,800 --> 00:53:06,980
reform it's good there are those

1224
00:53:11,080 --> 00:53:08,810
glimmers you're right but I think that

1225
00:53:13,660 --> 00:53:11,090
the media focuses on the negative

1226
00:53:15,610 --> 00:53:13,670
because it's a better story conflict

1227
00:53:18,550 --> 00:53:15,620
sells you're not going to have a

1228
00:53:19,780 --> 00:53:18,560
headline on the the New York Times it

1229
00:53:22,060 --> 00:53:19,790
says kittens

1230
00:53:24,300 --> 00:53:22,070
you know puppies or like you know you

1231
00:53:26,440 --> 00:53:24,310
don't write you don't write peace

1232
00:53:29,170 --> 00:53:26,450
exclamation point you write or

1233
00:53:31,570 --> 00:53:29,180
exclamation point and I've know and I've

1234
00:53:34,180 --> 00:53:31,580
said this to my wife for years right I I

1235
00:53:37,540 --> 00:53:34,190
hate that I hate that the news is always

1236
00:53:38,360 --> 00:53:37,550
bad I hate that because there's so much

1237
00:53:40,700 --> 00:53:38,370
good in the world

1238
00:53:44,870 --> 00:53:40,710
- you're right it's mixed in and it's

1239
00:53:46,910 --> 00:53:44,880
hidden but in in the 21st century we

1240
00:53:50,120 --> 00:53:46,920
have YouTube we have more independent

1241
00:53:54,710 --> 00:53:50,130
media when I was a child you watch CBS

1242
00:53:55,430 --> 00:53:54,720
NBC ABC fox write CNN those are your

1243
00:53:57,100 --> 00:53:55,440
options

1244
00:53:59,720 --> 00:53:57,110
yeah but now we have more and more

1245
00:54:02,450 --> 00:53:59,730
independent and I think that that a

1246
00:54:05,930 --> 00:54:02,460
plurality of perspectives is good it

1247
00:54:08,930 --> 00:54:05,940
keeps us honest with ourselves yeah yeah

1248
00:54:12,440 --> 00:54:08,940
we're going into a break and writing

1249
00:54:14,090 --> 00:54:12,450
about yeah just about one minute so I

1250
00:54:15,200 --> 00:54:14,100
just want to I don't know if you can

1251
00:54:17,900 --> 00:54:15,210
make it assist quickly

1252
00:54:20,630 --> 00:54:17,910
I heard you mentioned earlier something

1253
00:54:22,550 --> 00:54:20,640
along the lines were maybe in my

1254
00:54:24,590 --> 00:54:22,560
lifetime not knowing about dark matter

1255
00:54:26,900 --> 00:54:24,600
do you think you will know again we only

1256
00:54:28,460 --> 00:54:26,910
have a minute here do you think in your

1257
00:54:31,550 --> 00:54:28,470
lifetime you will know what dark matter

1258
00:54:32,930 --> 00:54:31,560
is in my opinion yes yes but it's gonna

1259
00:54:34,490 --> 00:54:32,940
take longer than we think everyone's

1260
00:54:36,740 --> 00:54:34,500
always quoting five or ten years I think

1261
00:54:39,350 --> 00:54:36,750
those are way too optimistic so I think

1262
00:54:41,090 --> 00:54:39,360
we're still decades away but I feel it's

1263
00:54:42,980 --> 00:54:41,100
this is an opinion it's not a scientific

1264
00:54:45,170 --> 00:54:42,990
statement in my opinion we're gonna get

1265
00:54:48,920 --> 00:54:45,180
there by in within my lifetime Wow

1266
00:54:50,570 --> 00:54:48,930
excellent well all right so we are going

1267
00:54:53,060 --> 00:54:50,580
to head right into the break right now

1268
00:54:54,380 --> 00:54:53,070
so everyone hang in there and for those

1269
00:54:56,870 --> 00:54:54,390
of you in youtube you're gonna have to

1270
00:55:01,070 --> 00:54:56,880
put up with my commercial and thank you

1271
00:55:03,650 --> 00:55:01,080
and we'll be right back hello everyone

1272
00:55:06,050 --> 00:55:03,660
well this is another podcast commercial

1273
00:55:08,090 --> 00:55:06,060
I hope it's better than just dead

1274
00:55:10,820 --> 00:55:08,100
silence this is for a course of people

1275
00:55:14,270 --> 00:55:10,830
over at YouTube and now over at Facebook

1276
00:55:16,550 --> 00:55:14,280
as well so I'm painting away as I've

1277
00:55:19,010 --> 00:55:16,560
mentioned many other times since I'm not

1278
00:55:21,890 --> 00:55:19,020
working and I'm gonna show you a couple

1279
00:55:26,330 --> 00:55:21,900
things here first of all I have to say

1280
00:55:31,190 --> 00:55:26,340
that I was pretty happy because I I did

1281
00:55:34,850 --> 00:55:31,200
this this artwork and in just one single

1282
00:55:35,750 --> 00:55:34,860
day I sold it so that was that was

1283
00:55:43,330 --> 00:55:35,760
pretty exciting

1284
00:55:47,240 --> 00:55:43,340
and last week I had shown an image of

1285
00:55:51,230 --> 00:55:47,250
what I had painted and that was the

1286
00:55:51,740 --> 00:55:51,240
winter triangle and guess what that sold

1287
00:55:56,630 --> 00:55:51,750
to

1288
00:55:58,280 --> 00:55:56,640
so I am selling I am selling some pieces

1289
00:56:01,820 --> 00:55:58,290
now I will tell you that I worked out a

1290
00:56:04,609 --> 00:56:01,830
really good deal and I'm actually very

1291
00:56:07,339 --> 00:56:04,619
willing to work out really good deals so

1292
00:56:11,120 --> 00:56:07,349
if there's something over there that you

1293
00:56:14,750 --> 00:56:11,130
like and that's over at Martin Willis

1294
00:56:16,339 --> 00:56:14,760
art comm go check that out if there's

1295
00:56:18,500 --> 00:56:16,349
something over there that you want and

1296
00:56:22,300 --> 00:56:18,510
you are looking for even more than 50%

1297
00:56:27,410 --> 00:56:22,310
off because that's what happens if you

1298
00:56:30,589 --> 00:56:27,420
actually enter the code UFO so if you

1299
00:56:33,020 --> 00:56:30,599
enter that code UFO on checkout you will

1300
00:56:35,630 --> 00:56:33,030
get 50% off showing you a couple things

1301
00:56:38,120 --> 00:56:35,640
that I'm doing now pictures aren't

1302
00:56:40,790 --> 00:56:38,130
exactly straight here but what that just

1303
00:56:41,930 --> 00:56:40,800
went by so I started doing a little bit

1304
00:56:43,940 --> 00:56:41,940
what's called trompe l'oeil

1305
00:56:46,520 --> 00:56:43,950
which means it kind of fools the eye

1306
00:56:48,170 --> 00:56:46,530
that's French for fooling the eye I'll

1307
00:56:51,740 --> 00:56:48,180
get back to that this is a landscape I

1308
00:56:54,530 --> 00:56:51,750
did last week and here are some of the

1309
00:56:57,170 --> 00:56:54,540
UFO paintings that I have lapped I'll

1310
00:56:59,030 --> 00:56:57,180
work a great deal with you I have a

1311
00:57:01,609 --> 00:56:59,040
couple more in the works probably not

1312
00:57:03,410 --> 00:57:01,619
going to do any more after that unless

1313
00:57:05,960 --> 00:57:03,420
someone wants something in particular

1314
00:57:07,579 --> 00:57:05,970
and if you do want something in

1315
00:57:10,790 --> 00:57:07,589
particular it's very easy all you have

1316
00:57:12,620 --> 00:57:10,800
to do is just tell me what it is and I

1317
00:57:15,440 --> 00:57:12,630
will try to work that I also did this

1318
00:57:18,020 --> 00:57:15,450
this lighthouse piece next week well

1319
00:57:20,210 --> 00:57:18,030
here are the trompe l'oeil that i did

1320
00:57:24,470 --> 00:57:20,220
the crystal ball a larger crystal ball

1321
00:57:26,420 --> 00:57:24,480
and anyway I think yeah and then there

1322
00:57:29,930 --> 00:57:26,430
are two this one is already gone it's

1323
00:57:31,970 --> 00:57:29,940
already sold and anyway I just want to

1324
00:57:35,030 --> 00:57:31,980
thank everyone for paying attention and

1325
00:57:40,700 --> 00:57:35,040
remember to go to Martin Willis art calm

1326
00:57:43,849 --> 00:57:40,710
and one other thing besides the UFO code

1327
00:57:46,760 --> 00:57:43,859
for 50% off I have a kind of a hidden

1328
00:57:49,490 --> 00:57:46,770
link it's not on my website it's only in

1329
00:57:52,370 --> 00:57:49,500
the show notes and also in the notes

1330
00:57:56,510 --> 00:57:52,380
below on youtube and that is a link

1331
00:57:58,040 --> 00:57:56,520
directly to just UFO paintings and so if

1332
00:58:01,849 --> 00:57:58,050
there's something there you want please

1333
00:58:05,270 --> 00:58:01,859
do contact me have Martin at podcast UFO

1334
00:58:08,210 --> 00:58:05,280
calm and we will work out a deal because

1335
00:58:11,120 --> 00:58:08,220
it's what I am looking to do is I need

1336
00:58:12,080 --> 00:58:11,130
to paint I love painting it really

1337
00:58:14,900 --> 00:58:12,090
relaxes me

1338
00:58:17,180 --> 00:58:14,910
and but I can't paint unless I get rid

1339
00:58:19,870 --> 00:58:17,190
of some of the paintings sell them so

1340
00:58:23,090 --> 00:58:19,880
anyway I hope you enjoyed this little

1341
00:58:29,070 --> 00:58:23,100
infomercial and we'll be back in a few

1342
00:58:36,940 --> 00:58:33,700
in three two one go

1343
00:58:40,150 --> 00:58:36,950
alright welcome back my name is martin

1344
00:58:43,750 --> 00:58:40,160
willis and my guest this evening is

1345
00:58:46,510 --> 00:58:43,760
matthew shah dogus and i hope I'm saying

1346
00:58:48,700 --> 00:58:46,520
that right Matthew is that close you're

1347
00:58:51,010 --> 00:58:48,710
doing extraordinarily well actually I

1348
00:58:53,170 --> 00:58:51,020
know that sincerely yeah you're you got

1349
00:58:54,760 --> 00:58:53,180
it yeah awesome

1350
00:59:02,230 --> 00:58:54,770
well that's great how long would take

1351
00:59:04,590 --> 00:59:02,240
you to learn that yeah anyway so I've

1352
00:59:08,560 --> 00:59:04,600
been really enjoying this conversation

1353
00:59:10,300 --> 00:59:08,570
immensely and you know there's just so

1354
00:59:13,420 --> 00:59:10,310
many question now we're basically

1355
00:59:19,000 --> 00:59:13,430
talking about intelligent life so we'll

1356
00:59:21,160 --> 00:59:19,010
get back to that and so the James Webb I

1357
00:59:26,740 --> 00:59:21,170
actually got to see the James Webb I was

1358
00:59:29,650 --> 00:59:26,750
at the NASA down in Baltimore Goddard

1359
00:59:31,240 --> 00:59:29,660
Space Center and saw people working on

1360
00:59:33,070 --> 00:59:31,250
it was great they were in these it was

1361
00:59:36,370 --> 00:59:33,080
in a still sterile room and they were in

1362
00:59:39,940 --> 00:59:36,380
you know white suits and working on this

1363
00:59:41,859 --> 00:59:39,950
thing so many years go by that they're

1364
00:59:43,240 --> 00:59:41,869
working on this thing to make something

1365
00:59:45,190 --> 00:59:43,250
really special now I remember when the

1366
00:59:47,320 --> 00:59:45,200
Hubble went up they had to replace the

1367
00:59:49,510 --> 00:59:47,330
lens or something or a mirror or I can't

1368
00:59:51,160 --> 00:59:49,520
remember what it was but this this

1369
00:59:54,430 --> 00:59:51,170
should be good to go when it actually

1370
00:59:58,720 --> 00:59:54,440
goes and what what do we expect that

1371
01:00:02,349 --> 00:59:58,730
we're gonna learn from from this oh it's

1372
01:00:04,330 --> 01:00:02,359
it's gonna be a vast amount it's gonna

1373
01:00:06,160 --> 01:00:04,340
because better it's you know successors

1374
01:00:09,340 --> 01:00:06,170
or the Hubble Space Telescope but so

1375
01:00:11,170 --> 01:00:09,350
much more if I'm not mistaken I think

1376
01:00:13,030 --> 01:00:11,180
it'll also be able to look for

1377
01:00:15,760 --> 01:00:13,040
exoplanets continue the search for

1378
01:00:17,260 --> 01:00:15,770
exoplanets so the amount of astronomy

1379
01:00:19,660 --> 01:00:17,270
you must science you'll be able to do

1380
01:00:22,060 --> 01:00:19,670
will be immense it spreads the amount of

1381
01:00:23,740 --> 01:00:22,070
science will be able to be across many

1382
01:00:26,830 --> 01:00:23,750
different parts of astronomy and

1383
01:00:27,970 --> 01:00:26,840
cosmology so you know going back to my

1384
01:00:29,770 --> 01:00:27,980
reference you know the Hubble Space

1385
01:00:31,990 --> 01:00:29,780
Telescope right there that we think

1386
01:00:33,550 --> 01:00:32,000
about the pretty pictures right but it's

1387
01:00:37,120 --> 01:00:33,560
way more than just about pretty pictures

1388
01:00:39,849 --> 01:00:37,130
about doing really good science you know

1389
01:00:42,190 --> 01:00:39,859
seeing into the depths of the the

1390
01:00:44,380 --> 01:00:42,200
furthest reaches of the visible you

1391
01:00:46,540 --> 01:00:44,390
yeah I just want to I just want to

1392
01:00:47,950 --> 01:00:46,550
address this quick question here

1393
01:00:49,720 --> 01:00:47,960
Martin's trying to get out of the

1394
01:00:50,260 --> 01:00:49,730
podcast UFO I know he's probably just

1395
01:00:53,710 --> 01:00:50,270
joking

1396
01:00:57,010 --> 01:00:53,720
but I am painting because first of all

1397
01:00:59,920 --> 01:00:57,020
I'm not working and I used to paint they

1398
01:01:02,050 --> 01:00:59,930
used to be my job to paint and and

1399
01:01:04,180 --> 01:01:02,060
that's how I survived for at least three

1400
01:01:04,600 --> 01:01:04,190
years of my life and that's all I'm

1401
01:01:07,180 --> 01:01:04,610
doing

1402
01:01:08,440 --> 01:01:07,190
I it's a passion of mine and there's no

1403
01:01:10,420 --> 01:01:08,450
way that I'm looking to get out of

1404
01:01:12,160 --> 01:01:10,430
podcast UFO I've been doing this show

1405
01:01:15,160 --> 01:01:12,170
it's coming up on nine years in just a

1406
01:01:16,930 --> 01:01:15,170
couple months I love the topic I and I

1407
01:01:19,570 --> 01:01:16,940
love speaking to people like I am

1408
01:01:21,640 --> 01:01:19,580
tonight so I'm not going anywhere

1409
01:01:24,550 --> 01:01:21,650
I'm just painting that's all there is to

1410
01:01:27,120 --> 01:01:24,560
it seems like everything turns into a

1411
01:01:27,130 --> 01:01:34,320
yeah so do you

1412
01:01:39,970 --> 01:01:37,270
information that we could get from the

1413
01:01:42,220 --> 01:01:39,980
James Webb Space Telescope that's going

1414
01:01:46,560 --> 01:01:42,230
to tell us that there's an in life of

1415
01:01:50,500 --> 01:01:46,570
sometime a some type on by seeing a

1416
01:01:52,150 --> 01:01:50,510
planet not a planet directly but the

1417
01:01:57,670 --> 01:01:52,160
gases from a planet or something like

1418
01:02:02,200 --> 01:01:57,680
that so yeah atmospheric studies of

1419
01:02:05,770 --> 01:02:02,210
exoplanets is a really exciting new

1420
01:02:07,750 --> 01:02:05,780
future direction about but we have to be

1421
01:02:11,500 --> 01:02:07,760
so one thing you have to be careful of

1422
01:02:13,090 --> 01:02:11,510
is that even if we were if we detect the

1423
01:02:16,890 --> 01:02:13,100
you know so-called

1424
01:02:18,910 --> 01:02:16,900
right molecules or gases for life that

1425
01:02:21,640 --> 01:02:18,920
everything always has multiple

1426
01:02:25,450 --> 01:02:21,650
explanations so for example a planet

1427
01:02:28,030 --> 01:02:25,460
could be habitable but empty or it could

1428
01:02:30,490 --> 01:02:28,040
be inhabited we have evidence from the

1429
01:02:32,320 --> 01:02:30,500
atmosphere that there are life-forms

1430
01:02:35,350 --> 01:02:32,330
carbon-based life forms like us you know

1431
01:02:37,450 --> 01:02:35,360
but they're not necessarily intelligent

1432
01:02:40,150 --> 01:02:37,460
right could be plants and animals and so

1433
01:02:42,550 --> 01:02:40,160
we will know we will know a lot it'll be

1434
01:02:43,870 --> 01:02:42,560
exciting but we also have to be careful

1435
01:02:46,570 --> 01:02:43,880
that we're still not going to know as

1436
01:02:48,490 --> 01:02:46,580
much as we might like that we still

1437
01:02:51,730 --> 01:02:48,500
don't have you know a star trek level of

1438
01:02:55,410 --> 01:02:51,740
you know sensors of to remotely detect

1439
01:02:58,620 --> 01:02:55,420
things well so it will be nevertheless

1440
01:03:03,750 --> 01:02:58,630
extremely exciting if we are able to

1441
01:03:06,930 --> 01:03:03,760
detect and study not just the sizes and

1442
01:03:09,630 --> 01:03:06,940
orbits of extrasolar planets but also

1443
01:03:12,450 --> 01:03:09,640
their atmospheres so but but it'll still

1444
01:03:15,270 --> 01:03:12,460
be then it'll still be a tough sell a

1445
01:03:18,240 --> 01:03:15,280
tough leap to go from look we detected

1446
01:03:19,950 --> 01:03:18,250
all or the all these organic molecules

1447
01:03:22,280 --> 01:03:19,960
are clearly in the atmosphere of this

1448
01:03:24,990 --> 01:03:22,290
planet there's still there's still

1449
01:03:28,020 --> 01:03:25,000
another conceptual leaf to connect the

1450
01:03:29,130 --> 01:03:28,030
dot from that to saying there life there

1451
01:03:31,890 --> 01:03:29,140
are life forms there and then another

1452
01:03:34,470 --> 01:03:31,900
leaf to say they're intelligent life

1453
01:03:37,349 --> 01:03:34,480
forms I'm still very excited of course

1454
01:03:39,630 --> 01:03:37,359
and very optimistic about the future of

1455
01:03:41,609 --> 01:03:39,640
astronomy especially in extrasolar

1456
01:03:44,970 --> 01:03:41,619
planetary research which as you know my

1457
01:03:49,319 --> 01:03:44,980
friend Kevin uses is a is a is a leading

1458
01:03:52,650 --> 01:03:49,329
expert in yeah yeah I think you know

1459
01:03:55,440 --> 01:03:52,660
we're it's just it's an exciting future

1460
01:03:57,559 --> 01:03:55,450
and then like to say if we did detect

1461
01:04:00,599 --> 01:03:57,569
something what would be our next step

1462
01:04:02,789 --> 01:04:00,609
you know like if we if we found

1463
01:04:04,380 --> 01:04:02,799
something that's it's possible that it's

1464
01:04:08,670 --> 01:04:04,390
intelligent life say they have

1465
01:04:10,289 --> 01:04:08,680
pollutants or whatever yeah well that's

1466
01:04:13,170 --> 01:04:10,299
a great question the next step is very

1467
01:04:15,120 --> 01:04:13,180
challenging because it again it depends

1468
01:04:17,760 --> 01:04:15,130
on distances right going back to your

1469
01:04:20,190 --> 01:04:17,770
ballpoint pen from earlier and DC the

1470
01:04:24,420 --> 01:04:20,200
problem is the speed of light the

1471
01:04:30,750 --> 01:04:24,430
problem is is if we detected let's say

1472
01:04:34,349 --> 01:04:30,760
um fairly strong evidence of intelligent

1473
01:04:37,289 --> 01:04:34,359
life 20 light years away if if we said

1474
01:04:39,780 --> 01:04:37,299
hello we take 20 years to get there and

1475
01:04:43,859 --> 01:04:39,790
20 years for response that's 40 years I

1476
01:04:44,789 --> 01:04:43,869
like how in the movie passengers they

1477
01:04:46,530 --> 01:04:44,799
got this right

1478
01:04:48,630 --> 01:04:46,540
rare science fellow yeah that's a great

1479
01:04:52,020 --> 01:04:48,640
day remember they're like tech support

1480
01:04:57,319 --> 01:04:52,030
we'll be back will will answer you in 17

1481
01:05:01,049 --> 01:04:57,329
years and and that's a very fundamental

1482
01:05:02,400 --> 01:05:01,059
it's a very fundamental limitation you

1483
01:05:05,339 --> 01:05:02,410
know it's all fun to speculate about

1484
01:05:07,540 --> 01:05:05,349
faster than light but every exception to

1485
01:05:10,150 --> 01:05:07,550
the speed of light we know about

1486
01:05:11,590 --> 01:05:10,160
the big catches no information can be

1487
01:05:14,440 --> 01:05:11,600
transferred faster than speed of light

1488
01:05:16,170 --> 01:05:14,450
so it's very very unlikely we will ever

1489
01:05:19,120 --> 01:05:16,180
have faster-than-light communication

1490
01:05:21,610 --> 01:05:19,130
that would be wonderful but it's very

1491
01:05:24,760 --> 01:05:21,620
unlikely so the next step would be very

1492
01:05:26,500 --> 01:05:24,770
tricky um depending on the distance

1493
01:05:28,870 --> 01:05:26,510
maybe what we would want to do I know I

1494
01:05:31,360 --> 01:05:28,880
think I've heard NASA's Kieron plans to

1495
01:05:33,880 --> 01:05:31,370
maybe send a very small spacecraft to

1496
01:05:37,690 --> 01:05:33,890
Alpha Centauri in 50 years or something

1497
01:05:40,060 --> 01:05:37,700
so if something is close enough to where

1498
01:05:42,820 --> 01:05:40,070
we could send some very tiny craft to

1499
01:05:46,750 --> 01:05:42,830
check it out I think that a logical next

1500
01:05:49,390 --> 01:05:46,760
step might be go take a picture rather

1501
01:05:53,290 --> 01:05:49,400
than try to send a signal you know send

1502
01:05:54,940 --> 01:05:53,300
a very tiny probe that you know again we

1503
01:05:56,080 --> 01:05:54,950
don't have the technology to do this yet

1504
01:05:58,720 --> 01:05:56,090
but we're getting there and I'm

1505
01:06:01,240 --> 01:05:58,730
confident we will that we have some sort

1506
01:06:03,220 --> 01:06:01,250
of tiny little robot probe that goes and

1507
01:06:05,650 --> 01:06:03,230
snaps a picture with enough resolution

1508
01:06:09,010 --> 01:06:05,660
obviously to see a of their cities on

1509
01:06:10,420 --> 01:06:09,020
the surface I think that especially also

1510
01:06:12,550 --> 01:06:10,430
given how cautious

1511
01:06:14,680 --> 01:06:12,560
you know humanity would be that's way

1512
01:06:16,720 --> 01:06:14,690
more likely so if you were looking if

1513
01:06:18,460 --> 01:06:16,730
you were looking for me to say oh we

1514
01:06:20,410 --> 01:06:18,470
turn on the radio and try to say hello

1515
01:06:22,240 --> 01:06:20,420
that's unlikely for so many reasons

1516
01:06:25,240 --> 01:06:22,250
speed of light and also we'd also be

1517
01:06:27,160 --> 01:06:25,250
very cautious well what about you know

1518
01:06:31,210 --> 01:06:27,170
this is probably totally unrelated but

1519
01:06:34,720 --> 01:06:31,220
possibly I think it's called quantum

1520
01:06:36,850 --> 01:06:34,730
entanglement you did how did you know

1521
01:06:39,070 --> 01:06:36,860
because that is everyone always says

1522
01:06:41,530 --> 01:06:39,080
whenever I say no information travels

1523
01:06:44,380 --> 01:06:41,540
faster the speed of light before 10

1524
01:06:47,050 --> 01:06:44,390
seconds go by someone goes what about

1525
01:06:48,220 --> 01:06:47,060
quantum entanglement so but no I'm glad

1526
01:06:49,870 --> 01:06:48,230
you brought us out a little bit late

1527
01:06:51,880 --> 01:06:49,880
because no I want to put that to bed

1528
01:06:55,450 --> 01:06:51,890
once and for all

1529
01:06:58,510 --> 01:06:55,460
ok quantum entanglement is really

1530
01:07:02,740 --> 01:06:58,520
awesome really creepy and really weird

1531
01:07:05,080 --> 01:07:02,750
really cool however it's still not gonna

1532
01:07:07,630 --> 01:07:05,090
help you with communication the way

1533
01:07:09,970 --> 01:07:07,640
quantum entanglement works and so in

1534
01:07:13,030 --> 01:07:09,980
this case I enstein gets the last laugh

1535
01:07:15,340 --> 01:07:13,040
again because yes it looks like

1536
01:07:17,530 --> 01:07:15,350
information is being conveyed faster

1537
01:07:21,220 --> 01:07:17,540
than the speed of light instantaneously

1538
01:07:23,020 --> 01:07:21,230
in fact however big catch

1539
01:07:24,550 --> 01:07:23,030
so the way quantum entanglement works is

1540
01:07:26,380 --> 01:07:24,560
us I have two new particles and they are

1541
01:07:28,780 --> 01:07:26,390
spin caught their entangled where if

1542
01:07:30,490 --> 01:07:28,790
want to spin up the other spin down that

1543
01:07:32,440 --> 01:07:30,500
means that even if they're separated by

1544
01:07:34,240 --> 01:07:32,450
you know kilometers if I measure one is

1545
01:07:36,220 --> 01:07:34,250
spin up and this one's kilometres

1546
01:07:37,810 --> 01:07:36,230
light-years away it's spin down right

1547
01:07:41,260 --> 01:07:37,820
away it's gotta be that one spin up that

1548
01:07:41,980 --> 01:07:41,270
one spin down unfortunately you don't

1549
01:07:45,100 --> 01:07:41,990
know which

1550
01:07:46,630 --> 01:07:45,110
so basically quantum entanglement uses

1551
01:07:50,140 --> 01:07:46,640
for communication imagine a

1552
01:07:52,180 --> 01:07:50,150
communication system where you didn't

1553
01:07:54,880 --> 01:07:52,190
know the difference between 0 and 1

1554
01:07:57,580 --> 01:07:54,890
right it was binary or yes and no it's

1555
01:08:00,070 --> 01:07:57,590
completely useless for communication you

1556
01:08:02,470 --> 01:08:00,080
can you can transfer garbage information

1557
01:08:05,920 --> 01:08:02,480
random information you cannot use

1558
01:08:08,620 --> 01:08:05,930
quantum entanglement to convey you

1559
01:08:10,840 --> 01:08:08,630
useful information faster than the speed

1560
01:08:13,360 --> 01:08:10,850
of light not with our current

1561
01:08:14,980 --> 01:08:13,370
understanding of physics and as I said

1562
01:08:16,990 --> 01:08:14,990
earlier even though we still have a lot

1563
01:08:18,400 --> 01:08:17,000
to learn our current understanding on

1564
01:08:21,220 --> 01:08:18,410
the little bit we do know is pretty

1565
01:08:23,590 --> 01:08:21,230
solid so I hate to - those hopes because

1566
01:08:25,080 --> 01:08:23,600
trust me I would love to have you know

1567
01:08:28,480 --> 01:08:25,090
what's it's called in science fiction

1568
01:08:30,370 --> 01:08:28,490
for Ursula win and ansible write a radio

1569
01:08:32,440 --> 01:08:30,380
that's just instantaneous faster than

1570
01:08:36,220 --> 01:08:32,450
light that'll be great it's extremely

1571
01:08:37,630 --> 01:08:36,230
unlikely and even if it is workable it's

1572
01:08:39,370 --> 01:08:37,640
probably something else that we haven't

1573
01:08:41,950 --> 01:08:39,380
imagined yet has nothing to do with

1574
01:08:43,720 --> 01:08:41,960
quantum entanglement is not gonna help

1575
01:08:45,910 --> 01:08:43,730
you this is like the Einstein gets the

1576
01:08:48,160 --> 01:08:45,920
last laugh because yeah it looks like

1577
01:08:50,440 --> 01:08:48,170
information is transferred faster than

1578
01:08:52,900 --> 01:08:50,450
light it's garbage because it's random

1579
01:08:54,970 --> 01:08:52,910
it's spin up or spin down but you don't

1580
01:08:56,800 --> 01:08:54,980
know beforehand which ones up and which

1581
01:08:59,110 --> 01:08:56,810
ones down so in the end it's it's it's

1582
01:09:01,030 --> 01:08:59,120
useless information it's like imagine a

1583
01:09:03,280 --> 01:09:01,040
Morse code where all the letters were

1584
01:09:06,220 --> 01:09:03,290
the same or random right it's useless

1585
01:09:09,100 --> 01:09:06,230
yeah what about you here every now and

1586
01:09:11,590 --> 01:09:09,110
then and and science or comes out

1587
01:09:13,720 --> 01:09:11,600
somewhere that um they think there can

1588
01:09:16,480 --> 01:09:13,730
be speeds faster than the speed of light

1589
01:09:18,760 --> 01:09:16,490
is you ever look into any of that I mean

1590
01:09:21,880 --> 01:09:18,770
is that is that a possibility yeah it

1591
01:09:23,530 --> 01:09:21,890
always gets shot down either either one

1592
01:09:25,180 --> 01:09:23,540
either one it's a mistake

1593
01:09:26,680 --> 01:09:25,190
like when we thought we'd discovered

1594
01:09:29,470 --> 01:09:26,690
faster than light neutrinos it was a

1595
01:09:33,410 --> 01:09:29,480
loose cable so either it's just it's a

1596
01:09:36,229 --> 01:09:33,420
mistake or if it's correct and

1597
01:09:38,990 --> 01:09:36,239
drue and good science and then when you

1598
01:09:41,329 --> 01:09:39,000
read the paper the scientific paper not

1599
01:09:43,370 --> 01:09:41,339
the popular press article would you go

1600
01:09:45,769 --> 01:09:43,380
dig in the scientific paper you'll find

1601
01:09:47,780 --> 01:09:45,779
that the catch I just told you is right

1602
01:09:49,220 --> 01:09:47,790
there like oh but you can't convey

1603
01:09:51,380 --> 01:09:49,230
information faster than the speed of

1604
01:09:53,720 --> 01:09:51,390
light so what's a hack so those are the

1605
01:09:57,260 --> 01:09:53,730
two options for everything I've seen in

1606
01:10:00,140 --> 01:09:57,270
this category option one is always it's

1607
01:10:04,010 --> 01:10:00,150
just bad it's wrong it's bad science is

1608
01:10:06,890 --> 01:10:04,020
incorrect or the other option is it's

1609
01:10:09,470 --> 01:10:06,900
correct but it's hyped up in the media

1610
01:10:11,930 --> 01:10:09,480
and if you look at the truth the truth

1611
01:10:14,180 --> 01:10:11,940
is far less exciting now that being said

1612
01:10:15,350 --> 01:10:14,190
I should emphasize that you don't need

1613
01:10:16,939 --> 01:10:15,360
faster-than-light to explore the

1614
01:10:18,560 --> 01:10:16,949
universe remember that the time dilation

1615
01:10:20,900 --> 01:10:18,570
that I mentioned earlier I mentioned

1616
01:10:22,970 --> 01:10:20,910
this in my OSEM is you talk I always

1617
01:10:25,370 --> 01:10:22,980
give my students this problem for

1618
01:10:27,890 --> 01:10:25,380
homework is you know you can reach the

1619
01:10:30,620 --> 01:10:27,900
end rahmatu galaxy which just two

1620
01:10:34,280 --> 01:10:30,630
million light do it in 50 years if you

1621
01:10:34,910 --> 01:10:34,290
traveled 0.1 m/s slower than the speed

1622
01:10:37,250 --> 01:10:34,920
of light

1623
01:10:39,320 --> 01:10:37,260
you don't need faster than light if you

1624
01:10:43,790 --> 01:10:39,330
can go arbitrarily close to the speed of

1625
01:10:45,380 --> 01:10:43,800
light 99.999999% you can go as far as

1626
01:10:48,140 --> 01:10:45,390
you want in the universe in a shorter

1627
01:10:51,740 --> 01:10:48,150
time period as you want so there's no

1628
01:10:53,209 --> 01:10:51,750
limit to exploring anywhere just because

1629
01:10:56,959 --> 01:10:53,219
you can't go faster than light it's a

1630
01:10:58,880 --> 01:10:56,969
huge huge mistake in science fiction to

1631
01:11:01,700 --> 01:10:58,890
be like oh you need faster than light to

1632
01:11:04,790 --> 01:11:01,710
go anywhere because the distances are so

1633
01:11:06,860 --> 01:11:04,800
big but the distances contract so just

1634
01:11:09,380 --> 01:11:06,870
like how time dilates so one another

1635
01:11:11,840 --> 01:11:09,390
relativistic effect is that the distance

1636
01:11:16,040 --> 01:11:11,850
appears to contract to the the traveler

1637
01:11:19,250 --> 01:11:16,050
so those distances contract as a space

1638
01:11:21,229 --> 01:11:19,260
time warps as you go near the speed of

1639
01:11:24,860 --> 01:11:21,239
light so going near the speed of light

1640
01:11:27,080 --> 01:11:24,870
is all you need to explore of the

1641
01:11:29,479 --> 01:11:27,090
universe you don't need any exotic

1642
01:11:31,310 --> 01:11:29,489
faster than light this and that it would

1643
01:11:33,260 --> 01:11:31,320
be more fun don't get me wrong because

1644
01:11:35,390 --> 01:11:33,270
if with faster than light you could be

1645
01:11:37,490 --> 01:11:35,400
back home for dinner with if you're less

1646
01:11:39,439 --> 01:11:37,500
if you're traveling just below the speed

1647
01:11:41,900 --> 01:11:39,449
of light and you do it I just did you go

1648
01:11:43,310 --> 01:11:41,910
to Andromeda in 50 years everyone on

1649
01:11:45,800 --> 01:11:43,320
earth is dead because it's been 2

1650
01:11:47,660 --> 01:11:45,810
million years have passed by on earth so

1651
01:11:49,939 --> 01:11:47,670
there is a downside definitely

1652
01:11:51,740 --> 01:11:49,949
not having faster than light but faster

1653
01:11:54,350 --> 01:11:51,750
than light so think of faster-than-light

1654
01:11:57,740 --> 01:11:54,360
is the cherry on top but it is

1655
01:12:00,979 --> 01:11:57,750
absolutely not a requirement for

1656
01:12:03,459 --> 01:12:00,989
interstellar travel being a reality yeah

1657
01:12:05,750 --> 01:12:03,469
I had someone on with the science of

1658
01:12:07,630 --> 01:12:05,760
very good science background real nice

1659
01:12:12,770 --> 01:12:07,640
guy and I can't remember exactly what

1660
01:12:16,490 --> 01:12:12,780
his his theory of travel had something

1661
01:12:18,590 --> 01:12:16,500
to do with space-time folding or you

1662
01:12:21,500 --> 01:12:18,600
know like coming together and folding

1663
01:12:23,030 --> 01:12:21,510
and going through it that way I really

1664
01:12:24,640 --> 01:12:23,040
am you know I'm kind of butchering what

1665
01:12:27,290 --> 01:12:24,650
he said but it was really fascinating

1666
01:12:29,720 --> 01:12:27,300
other other theories you know I know

1667
01:12:31,189 --> 01:12:29,730
there's the wormhole theory and and and

1668
01:12:33,680 --> 01:12:31,199
things like that what do you think about

1669
01:12:35,780 --> 01:12:33,690
all those different types of theories so

1670
01:12:39,080 --> 01:12:35,790
all a lot of them fall into the same

1671
01:12:40,189 --> 01:12:39,090
category which is they they they have

1672
01:12:42,320 --> 01:12:40,199
the same difficulty that

1673
01:12:44,570 --> 01:12:42,330
faster-than-light does which is it would

1674
01:12:46,550 --> 01:12:44,580
they would require negative energy we

1675
01:12:48,919 --> 01:12:46,560
don't know how to make that so you would

1676
01:12:51,350 --> 01:12:48,929
need some sort of substance that would

1677
01:12:53,870 --> 01:12:51,360
have an anti-gravitational like a fact

1678
01:12:55,850 --> 01:12:53,880
that could hold open like the throat of

1679
01:12:58,189 --> 01:12:55,860
the wormhole for example so all these

1680
01:13:01,490 --> 01:12:58,199
space folding and wormhole ideas they

1681
01:13:04,760 --> 01:13:01,500
all require something then and a lot of

1682
01:13:08,330 --> 01:13:04,770
it a lot of energy of a form of energy

1683
01:13:10,760 --> 01:13:08,340
that we not only have no evidence of we

1684
01:13:13,310 --> 01:13:10,770
don't even have a theory that says it

1685
01:13:15,350 --> 01:13:13,320
should exist and and not in large

1686
01:13:17,180 --> 01:13:15,360
quantities that are practically usable

1687
01:13:19,939 --> 01:13:17,190
so that's the catch is you need some

1688
01:13:22,130 --> 01:13:19,949
sort of anti-gravity negative energy

1689
01:13:23,510 --> 01:13:22,140
type thing I mean in fact I have a

1690
01:13:26,060 --> 01:13:23,520
YouTube video on there so hopefully

1691
01:13:28,100 --> 01:13:26,070
people here's a shameless plug well you

1692
01:13:30,260 --> 01:13:28,110
had a commercial so I get to so I have a

1693
01:13:32,479 --> 01:13:30,270
youtube video about time travel where I

1694
01:13:34,610 --> 01:13:32,489
talk about time travel well my favorites

1695
01:13:36,050 --> 01:13:34,620
hi next question yeah I was actually my

1696
01:13:37,430 --> 01:13:36,060
next question but anyway go ahead please

1697
01:13:39,560 --> 01:13:37,440
yeah yeah no go ahead

1698
01:13:41,780 --> 01:13:39,570
yeah I just wanted to ask you and I do

1699
01:13:44,720 --> 01:13:41,790
want to get into you know the the

1700
01:13:46,070 --> 01:13:44,730
possibility of propulsion that you were

1701
01:13:49,010 --> 01:13:46,080
going to bring up in the zero-point

1702
01:13:51,050 --> 01:13:49,020
energy and all that stuff yeah I was

1703
01:13:53,300 --> 01:13:51,060
going to ask you and I was unfamiliar

1704
01:13:55,130 --> 01:13:53,310
with this if you ever looked into time

1705
01:13:58,640 --> 01:13:55,140
travel and what the possibility of that

1706
01:14:00,080 --> 01:13:58,650
is yeah I got a TEDx talk on it I got

1707
01:14:01,610 --> 01:14:00,090
this oh really in a video that hope

1708
01:14:05,570 --> 01:14:01,620
since my last name is

1709
01:14:07,130 --> 01:14:05,580
so unique if all your viewers have stuck

1710
01:14:09,380 --> 01:14:07,140
my name in they don't need the link

1711
01:14:11,270 --> 01:14:09,390
because my name is so unique just put in

1712
01:14:13,730 --> 01:14:11,280
Shaddaa his time travel and there's my

1713
01:14:15,830 --> 01:14:13,740
youtube video I'm really proud of it I

1714
01:14:18,140 --> 01:14:15,840
have currently more views the neil

1715
01:14:21,110 --> 01:14:18,150
degrasse tyson's video on the same topic

1716
01:14:23,780 --> 01:14:21,120
PBS space time i have more views than

1717
01:14:24,830 --> 01:14:23,790
Kip Thorne who's got to know bowties Wow

1718
01:14:30,890 --> 01:14:24,840
with his time

1719
01:14:32,360 --> 01:14:30,900
however I've not caught up yet with some

1720
01:14:35,510 --> 01:14:32,370
science have not caught up yet I think

1721
01:14:37,520 --> 01:14:35,520
Brian Cox but I've got I've got like

1722
01:14:39,740 --> 01:14:37,530
500,000 views but I hope to get it even

1723
01:14:42,200 --> 01:14:39,750
higher well I will tell you what I will

1724
01:14:43,460 --> 01:14:42,210
do is that so Brian yep no I'm just

1725
01:14:46,790 --> 01:14:43,470
gonna say I'll link that in the show

1726
01:14:48,410 --> 01:14:46,800
notes yep okay okay cool yeah Brian Cox

1727
01:14:51,800 --> 01:14:48,420
has a million I still gotta catch up to

1728
01:14:54,740 --> 01:14:51,810
him Wow

1729
01:14:59,690 --> 01:14:54,750
yeah and so your your thoughts in

1730
01:15:03,080 --> 01:14:59,700
general on that topic is it a one is an

1731
01:15:05,090 --> 01:15:03,090
omnidirectional one single direction so

1732
01:15:07,580 --> 01:15:05,100
yeah I'll give you I'll try to in order

1733
01:15:09,590 --> 01:15:07,590
to not stray too far into this very

1734
01:15:12,110 --> 01:15:09,600
different topic I'll try to give you my

1735
01:15:14,570 --> 01:15:12,120
most concise answer which is if you look

1736
01:15:19,070 --> 01:15:14,580
at my video basically my conclusion is

1737
01:15:22,400 --> 01:15:19,080
that it's extremely unlikely that people

1738
01:15:24,830 --> 01:15:22,410
or large-scale objects will ever be able

1739
01:15:27,220 --> 01:15:24,840
to time travel to the past like in

1740
01:15:29,210 --> 01:15:27,230
science fiction but maybe one day

1741
01:15:31,160 --> 01:15:29,220
communication will be possible to the

1742
01:15:32,360 --> 01:15:31,170
Past like a tiny fraction of a second or

1743
01:15:34,520 --> 01:15:32,370
something which would be revolutionary

1744
01:15:36,320 --> 01:15:34,530
in itself my colleagues think I'm too

1745
01:15:38,660 --> 01:15:36,330
optimistic when I said that which is

1746
01:15:41,300 --> 01:15:38,670
really ironic because most people say I

1747
01:15:43,580 --> 01:15:41,310
wasn't optimistic enough right what just

1748
01:15:46,070 --> 01:15:43,590
information a tiny fraction of a second

1749
01:15:47,750 --> 01:15:46,080
not people in a machine but but it ball

1750
01:15:49,970 --> 01:15:47,760
boils down to the ability to harness

1751
01:15:52,010 --> 01:15:49,980
negative energy which we don't know how

1752
01:15:53,990 --> 01:15:52,020
to do and that's what you need for time

1753
01:15:56,570 --> 01:15:54,000
travel to the past that's what you need

1754
01:15:59,000 --> 01:15:56,580
for FTL that's your need for wormholes

1755
01:16:01,730 --> 01:15:59,010
so all those awesome things all those

1756
01:16:05,300 --> 01:16:01,740
really fun things all require this

1757
01:16:07,340 --> 01:16:05,310
secret sauce of what's it so it goes by

1758
01:16:08,840 --> 01:16:07,350
many names it's also called exotic

1759
01:16:10,730 --> 01:16:08,850
matter has nothing to do with dark

1760
01:16:12,980 --> 01:16:10,740
matter or dark energy it's yet another

1761
01:16:15,320 --> 01:16:12,990
crazy term there's exotic exotic

1762
01:16:18,740 --> 01:16:15,330
material is another term for it

1763
01:16:21,530 --> 01:16:18,750
yeah FTL is faster than light right yes

1764
01:16:23,960 --> 01:16:21,540
yeah yeah sorry I slip into acronyms all

1765
01:16:25,490 --> 01:16:23,970
the time because is so my research for

1766
01:16:28,070 --> 01:16:25,500
dark matter is funded by the Department

1767
01:16:30,770 --> 01:16:28,080
of Energy the goe all they love their

1768
01:16:32,900 --> 01:16:30,780
TAS at the DOA there's the t2 oh and the

1769
01:16:36,020 --> 01:16:32,910
dissin and the cd4 and the like oh yeah

1770
01:16:39,620 --> 01:16:36,030
they love their acronyms that's pretty

1771
01:16:42,950 --> 01:16:39,630
funny so I want to go into the

1772
01:16:45,140 --> 01:16:42,960
zero-point energy in in about 15 minutes

1773
01:16:46,730 --> 01:16:45,150
or so we're going to take calls I know

1774
01:16:50,930 --> 01:16:46,740
there's a lot of questions been popping

1775
01:16:52,730 --> 01:16:50,940
in this is the arrow point energy a lot

1776
01:16:54,800 --> 01:16:52,740
of people get that wrong and it's been

1777
01:16:57,950 --> 01:16:54,810
used in the UFO community can you

1778
01:17:01,160 --> 01:16:57,960
explain what the science scientific

1779
01:17:02,780 --> 01:17:01,170
explanation of that is please yes I will

1780
01:17:05,090 --> 01:17:02,790
do my very best because it is very

1781
01:17:08,570 --> 01:17:05,100
complicated so I want to try to explain

1782
01:17:10,640 --> 01:17:08,580
it in reasonable terms because I do want

1783
01:17:11,900 --> 01:17:10,650
your everyone in the audience of yours

1784
01:17:14,600 --> 01:17:11,910
to be able to understand so I'll do my

1785
01:17:17,390 --> 01:17:14,610
very best so the dark energy we

1786
01:17:18,890 --> 01:17:17,400
mentioned earlier is probably the same

1787
01:17:20,930 --> 01:17:18,900
thing I can't say it with certainty

1788
01:17:23,000 --> 01:17:20,940
because zero-point energy has to do with

1789
01:17:25,040 --> 01:17:23,010
particle physics dark Energy's astronomy

1790
01:17:27,830 --> 01:17:25,050
but it's our best guess that they're the

1791
01:17:30,020 --> 01:17:27,840
same thing and so what is your plan

1792
01:17:34,330 --> 01:17:30,030
energy so this so like you said this is

1793
01:17:37,580 --> 01:17:34,340
extremely poorly understood and

1794
01:17:40,310 --> 01:17:37,590
misunderstood and misused so the way it

1795
01:17:42,290 --> 01:17:40,320
works and and I should be very clear

1796
01:17:44,240 --> 01:17:42,300
that this isn't some wild-eyed

1797
01:17:46,520 --> 01:17:44,250
hypothesis this is scientific fact

1798
01:17:48,440 --> 01:17:46,530
because we can measure the effects of

1799
01:17:51,890 --> 01:17:48,450
what I'm about to describe to you there

1800
01:17:54,020 --> 01:17:51,900
are many experimental verifications of

1801
01:17:57,380 --> 01:17:54,030
this so what's your point energy is is

1802
01:17:59,540 --> 01:17:57,390
you have so imagine you have vacuum that

1803
01:18:01,790 --> 01:17:59,550
like but vacuum is not perfectly empty

1804
01:18:04,610 --> 01:18:01,800
even if you have a vacuum with no atoms

1805
01:18:08,450 --> 01:18:04,620
no protein loose protons even electrons

1806
01:18:10,280 --> 01:18:08,460
you have particle/anti-particle pairs

1807
01:18:12,740 --> 01:18:10,290
zipping in and out of existence so like

1808
01:18:15,950 --> 01:18:12,750
an electron anti electron proton and

1809
01:18:19,010 --> 01:18:15,960
proton balanced mm-hmm so you're saying

1810
01:18:21,070 --> 01:18:19,020
wow I didn't know that hairs yes so now

1811
01:18:24,410 --> 01:18:21,080
it's a it's a matter of debate though

1812
01:18:27,380 --> 01:18:24,420
whether the virtual particles I just

1813
01:18:28,600 --> 01:18:27,390
said are do they are they real in the

1814
01:18:30,910 --> 01:18:28,610
center they have an ant

1815
01:18:33,220 --> 01:18:30,920
logical you know existence or are they

1816
01:18:35,680 --> 01:18:33,230
just a handy mathematical tool for

1817
01:18:37,810 --> 01:18:35,690
calculation they do have experimentally

1818
01:18:40,090 --> 01:18:37,820
verifiable results though

1819
01:18:44,080 --> 01:18:40,100
so what zero point energy refers to is

1820
01:18:48,280 --> 01:18:44,090
that even the vacuum of space itself is

1821
01:18:49,330 --> 01:18:48,290
not completely empty it has energy it

1822
01:18:52,060 --> 01:18:49,340
has

1823
01:18:53,740 --> 01:18:52,070
you can borrow energy from the vacuum

1824
01:18:57,160 --> 01:18:53,750
you can produce particle-antiparticle

1825
01:18:59,410 --> 01:18:57,170
pairs now the thing is we don't know

1826
01:19:03,129 --> 01:18:59,420
with our current level of understanding

1827
01:19:06,430 --> 01:19:03,139
of science and technology we don't have

1828
01:19:08,859 --> 01:19:06,440
the faintest idea how to turn that into

1829
01:19:10,180 --> 01:19:08,869
something practical right how do we tap

1830
01:19:11,950 --> 01:19:10,190
into this zero point it you know it's

1831
01:19:13,479 --> 01:19:11,960
free energy it's everywhere and I

1832
01:19:15,700 --> 01:19:13,489
mentioned that it might be the same

1833
01:19:17,770 --> 01:19:15,710
thing as dark energy that's 70% of the

1834
01:19:19,450 --> 01:19:17,780
universe so isn't this everywhere can't

1835
01:19:22,300 --> 01:19:19,460
we use this to power everything and the

1836
01:19:25,180 --> 01:19:22,310
the key is we don't know because it's

1837
01:19:27,370 --> 01:19:25,190
it's such a small effect it's a very

1838
01:19:30,070 --> 01:19:27,380
large amount of hidden energy in the

1839
01:19:33,640 --> 01:19:30,080
universe on large scales but on small

1840
01:19:35,200 --> 01:19:33,650
scales it's a very very tiny effect so

1841
01:19:37,149 --> 01:19:35,210
something that always comes up

1842
01:19:38,590 --> 01:19:37,159
especially in the UFO community is the

1843
01:19:41,439 --> 01:19:38,600
Casimir effect this is one of the ways

1844
01:19:43,899 --> 01:19:41,449
we proves your point energy is not just

1845
01:19:46,780 --> 01:19:43,909
some crazy idea but actually has

1846
01:19:49,350 --> 01:19:46,790
experimental implications so in the

1847
01:19:52,899 --> 01:19:49,360
Casimir effect you have two metal plates

1848
01:19:55,479 --> 01:19:52,909
which in a vacuum a force may develop

1849
01:19:57,520 --> 01:19:55,489
between them even if they have zero zero

1850
01:19:59,890 --> 01:19:57,530
electric charge and you know nowadays we

1851
01:20:02,379 --> 01:19:59,900
can zero out to charge us something so

1852
01:20:04,060 --> 01:20:02,389
well we can count individual electrons

1853
01:20:05,979 --> 01:20:04,070
that's the level of technology we have

1854
01:20:08,020 --> 01:20:05,989
in my own dark matter experiment we

1855
01:20:09,729 --> 01:20:08,030
count electrons oh there's one that's

1856
01:20:13,540 --> 01:20:09,739
three electrons that's two that's the

1857
01:20:16,240 --> 01:20:13,550
level precision we have in the year 2020

1858
01:20:18,189 --> 01:20:16,250
and have for a while so we can we can do

1859
01:20:20,770 --> 01:20:18,199
this experiment with completely neutral

1860
01:20:22,300 --> 01:20:20,780
plates not a single extra electron which

1861
01:20:24,220 --> 01:20:22,310
would mess up the result and what

1862
01:20:25,709 --> 01:20:24,230
happens is that an electric charge and a

1863
01:20:28,600 --> 01:20:25,719
force develops between the plates

1864
01:20:31,030 --> 01:20:28,610
because of these virtual particles you

1865
01:20:33,370 --> 01:20:31,040
have virtual electrons anti electrons

1866
01:20:37,060 --> 01:20:33,380
but as I caution earlier there are

1867
01:20:39,339 --> 01:20:37,070
multiple ways to interpret that you can

1868
01:20:40,359 --> 01:20:39,349
say well virtual particles are virtual

1869
01:20:41,830 --> 01:20:40,369
right they're not real and they're just

1870
01:20:44,310 --> 01:20:41,840
a mathematical tool

1871
01:20:47,460 --> 01:20:44,320
but the consequence is the experimental

1872
01:20:50,860 --> 01:20:47,470
consequences of zero-point energy are

1873
01:20:52,360 --> 01:20:50,870
quite undisputably real the Casimir

1874
01:20:54,310 --> 01:20:52,370
effect experiment I mentioned this has

1875
01:20:56,740 --> 01:20:54,320
been done it was in the 90s it's been

1876
01:20:59,410 --> 01:20:56,750
done multiple times we're talking really

1877
01:21:01,480 --> 01:20:59,420
really tiny amounts of energy right so

1878
01:21:03,760 --> 01:21:01,490
if you're free battery on the zero-point

1879
01:21:06,130 --> 01:21:03,770
energy would really really suck right it

1880
01:21:09,220 --> 01:21:06,140
would power you know your laptop for you

1881
01:21:12,550 --> 01:21:09,230
know a tiny fraction of a second if at

1882
01:21:15,580 --> 01:21:12,560
all and and so we don't know how to take

1883
01:21:17,650 --> 01:21:15,590
that blow it up baby scale let's make it

1884
01:21:19,690 --> 01:21:17,660
practical right wormholes and all these

1885
01:21:21,670 --> 01:21:19,700
other things that require you know that

1886
01:21:23,230 --> 01:21:21,680
will we don't know how to take this

1887
01:21:25,750 --> 01:21:23,240
teeny tiny Casimir effect with

1888
01:21:28,390 --> 01:21:25,760
zero-point energy how do we make it you

1889
01:21:31,090 --> 01:21:28,400
know grand scale and capitalise on it

1890
01:21:34,240 --> 01:21:31,100
for something propulsion power etc but

1891
01:21:37,930 --> 01:21:34,250
it's real zero-point energy is not a

1892
01:21:40,630 --> 01:21:37,940
crackpot term it is real science it's

1893
01:21:43,600 --> 01:21:40,640
just that people will sometimes jump to

1894
01:21:46,900 --> 01:21:43,610
conclusions on how easy it is to extract

1895
01:21:50,380 --> 01:21:46,910
extract it and make it practical do you

1896
01:21:53,050 --> 01:21:50,390
think that CERN will do some work

1897
01:21:56,940 --> 01:21:53,060
that'll point more into this direction

1898
01:21:59,680 --> 01:21:56,950
or I mean how or yeah go ahead I'm sorry

1899
01:22:02,380 --> 01:21:59,690
no so I think so didn't know that's a

1900
01:22:04,900 --> 01:22:02,390
really good question I I I don't I not

1901
01:22:07,690 --> 01:22:04,910
necessarily CERN the Large Hadron

1902
01:22:09,400 --> 01:22:07,700
Collider but there are the ways we're

1903
01:22:11,200 --> 01:22:09,410
exploring zero-point energy are very

1904
01:22:13,900 --> 01:22:11,210
different so we don't have we don't use

1905
01:22:16,630 --> 01:22:13,910
giant colliders we do there's two main

1906
01:22:17,290 --> 01:22:16,640
ways of exploring this and they're very

1907
01:22:20,710 --> 01:22:17,300
different

1908
01:22:22,660 --> 01:22:20,720
one is astronomy with telescopes which

1909
01:22:24,850 --> 01:22:22,670
sounds weird right I'm talking about you

1910
01:22:26,470 --> 01:22:24,860
know particles here and the reason why

1911
01:22:28,270 --> 01:22:26,480
is because remember we think dark energy

1912
01:22:30,670 --> 01:22:28,280
is the same thing and so the way we

1913
01:22:32,860 --> 01:22:30,680
study dark energy is using telescopes

1914
01:22:35,590 --> 01:22:32,870
and looking at the expanding universe on

1915
01:22:37,690 --> 01:22:35,600
the opposite end of that the way we look

1916
01:22:40,990 --> 01:22:37,700
at dark energy or try to study it is

1917
01:22:43,180 --> 01:22:41,000
there are some theories the dark energy

1918
01:22:45,040 --> 01:22:43,190
is a particle just like dark matter and

1919
01:22:47,800 --> 01:22:45,050
maybe we could measure it on the

1920
01:22:49,870 --> 01:22:47,810
tabletop so ya know Collider like it's

1921
01:22:52,530 --> 01:22:49,880
CERN isn't really not going to is not

1922
01:22:56,070 --> 01:22:52,540
the right tool for the job

1923
01:22:58,380 --> 01:22:56,080
as far as we know so our tools are

1924
01:23:00,600 --> 01:22:58,390
telescopes studying dark energy and then

1925
01:23:02,940 --> 01:23:00,610
we have tabletop experiments where we

1926
01:23:05,940 --> 01:23:02,950
are trying to look for new forces by

1927
01:23:09,150 --> 01:23:05,950
optically by levitating like micro

1928
01:23:12,840 --> 01:23:09,160
spheres of glass of quartz and then land

1929
01:23:14,700 --> 01:23:12,850
and making sure we you know account for

1930
01:23:16,380 --> 01:23:14,710
gravity and there's no electric force

1931
01:23:19,170 --> 01:23:16,390
because it's there's no magnetic field

1932
01:23:22,650 --> 01:23:19,180
and look for evidence of additional

1933
01:23:25,020 --> 01:23:22,660
hidden forces and so that's one way that

1934
01:23:29,370 --> 01:23:25,030
we that this problem is being tackled

1935
01:23:34,080 --> 01:23:29,380
and what is a how has gravitational

1936
01:23:37,380 --> 01:23:34,090
waves played into what you study great

1937
01:23:39,870 --> 01:23:37,390
question so it has played it does it has

1938
01:23:41,520 --> 01:23:39,880
played a part but only indirectly so I

1939
01:23:43,410 --> 01:23:41,530
have to connect that I want to connect

1940
01:23:45,090 --> 01:23:43,420
the intellectual dots because it's not a

1941
01:23:46,800 --> 01:23:45,100
direct it's not a direct connection so

1942
01:23:49,260 --> 01:23:46,810
grab what gravitational waves have done

1943
01:23:51,480 --> 01:23:49,270
is they've provided further confirmation

1944
01:23:52,520 --> 01:23:51,490
of Einstein's theory of general

1945
01:23:56,220 --> 01:23:52,530
relativity

1946
01:23:58,320 --> 01:23:56,230
therefore killing off many competing

1947
01:24:00,090 --> 01:23:58,330
ideas against dark matter saying oh we

1948
01:24:01,950 --> 01:24:00,100
just don't understand gravity if you

1949
01:24:04,170 --> 01:24:01,960
look not all but if you look at some of

1950
01:24:06,390 --> 01:24:04,180
the modified gravity ideas they would

1951
01:24:08,490 --> 01:24:06,400
predict either no gravitational waves or

1952
01:24:11,160 --> 01:24:08,500
a different form but gravitational waves

1953
01:24:13,050 --> 01:24:11,170
matched the relativistic prediction and

1954
01:24:15,300 --> 01:24:13,060
still do right it was multiple detection

1955
01:24:17,670 --> 01:24:15,310
Sligo still detecting today Virgo all

1956
01:24:19,200 --> 01:24:17,680
these new experiments so indirectly what

1957
01:24:21,780 --> 01:24:19,210
what the gravitational wave discovery

1958
01:24:29,730 --> 01:24:21,790
has done is said that relativity is

1959
01:24:34,740 --> 01:24:29,740
again very very solid making it very

1960
01:24:40,440 --> 01:24:34,750
very clear that it's very unlikely that

1961
01:24:42,360 --> 01:24:40,450
dark matter is is that dark is that dark

1962
01:24:44,670 --> 01:24:42,370
matter is wrong and that we just have to

1963
01:24:45,900 --> 01:24:44,680
modify gravity so does that make sense

1964
01:24:48,120 --> 01:24:45,910
so there's kind of the indirect

1965
01:24:50,340 --> 01:24:48,130
connection yeah I'm sorry I posted that

1966
01:24:52,320 --> 01:24:50,350
question up on the chata kind of threw

1967
01:24:55,230 --> 01:24:52,330
you off a little bit sorry i sorry

1968
01:24:57,690 --> 01:24:55,240
didn't lose your concentration yes thank

1969
01:25:00,180 --> 01:24:57,700
you for that so have you ever heard of

1970
01:25:02,340 --> 01:25:00,190
what he's talking about the I have earth

1971
01:25:04,910 --> 01:25:02,350
universe Thunderbolts project yes I

1972
01:25:07,070 --> 01:25:04,920
actually have so you're at your you

1973
01:25:09,410 --> 01:25:07,080
the the asker of the question is gonna

1974
01:25:11,150 --> 01:25:09,420
be really angry it's Chloe not it's a

1975
01:25:13,310 --> 01:25:11,160
complete garbage it's nonsense because a

1976
01:25:15,650 --> 01:25:13,320
fury is only as good as it explains

1977
01:25:19,250 --> 01:25:15,660
experimental data and all these theories

1978
01:25:21,530 --> 01:25:19,260
by non physicists are or people say this

1979
01:25:23,000 --> 01:25:21,540
is just a complete garbage just nonsense

1980
01:25:23,990 --> 01:25:23,010
it can't explain gravitational waves

1981
01:25:26,060 --> 01:25:24,000
they can't explain Cosmic Microwave

1982
01:25:27,620 --> 01:25:26,070
Background I could go on and on I could

1983
01:25:29,870 --> 01:25:27,630
probably explain I could probably list

1984
01:25:33,560 --> 01:25:29,880
two or three hundred phenomena that the

1985
01:25:35,090 --> 01:25:33,570
electric universe thinks it explains I

1986
01:25:36,770 --> 01:25:35,100
once asked someone about electric

1987
01:25:38,330 --> 01:25:36,780
universe I said but what about the

1988
01:25:39,680 --> 01:25:38,340
bullet cluster and gravitational lensing

1989
01:25:41,660 --> 01:25:39,690
and they hemmed and hawed and had some

1990
01:25:43,640 --> 01:25:41,670
pseudo scientific explanation it's

1991
01:25:45,620 --> 01:25:43,650
complete garbage

1992
01:25:48,320 --> 01:25:45,630
it's it's because you have to remember

1993
01:25:51,020 --> 01:25:48,330
that theories are only as good as you

1994
01:25:54,070 --> 01:25:51,030
need real they need to be confronted by

1995
01:25:56,630 --> 01:25:54,080
experimental data and observation and

1996
01:25:58,850 --> 01:25:56,640
the electric universe fails completely

1997
01:26:02,480 --> 01:25:58,860
miserably it's it's not science it's

1998
01:26:04,910 --> 01:26:02,490
just a pretty fun idea but it's it's not

1999
01:26:05,990 --> 01:26:04,920
science I've heard that the term you

2000
01:26:08,720 --> 01:26:06,000
just mentioned there before

2001
01:26:10,750 --> 01:26:08,730
gravitational lens what is that so

2002
01:26:15,350 --> 01:26:10,760
that's where so gravity can bend light

2003
01:26:18,770 --> 01:26:15,360
so gravity can and so and and we have we

2004
01:26:21,350 --> 01:26:18,780
first observed this in 1919 Sir Arthur

2005
01:26:22,700 --> 01:26:21,360
Eddington went out and found the first

2006
01:26:25,310 --> 01:26:22,710
evidence of Einstein's theory of

2007
01:26:27,890 --> 01:26:25,320
relativity by looking at the bending of

2008
01:26:29,350 --> 01:26:27,900
light from our own Sun and nowadays we

2009
01:26:31,640 --> 01:26:29,360
use gravitational lensing on

2010
01:26:33,740 --> 01:26:31,650
astronomical scales as a tool for

2011
01:26:34,190 --> 01:26:33,750
studying how much matter there is out

2012
01:26:38,150 --> 01:26:34,200
there

2013
01:26:40,280 --> 01:26:38,160
so gravitational lensing it tells us how

2014
01:26:42,470 --> 01:26:40,290
much math is basically gravity on large

2015
01:26:44,840 --> 01:26:42,480
scales acts like a giant you know

2016
01:26:48,650 --> 01:26:44,850
eyeglass or contact lens right gravity

2017
01:26:52,010 --> 01:26:48,660
can bend a strong gravitational field

2018
01:26:55,100 --> 01:26:52,020
bends light rays well and is that is

2019
01:26:58,070 --> 01:26:55,110
that what black holes do black holes

2020
01:27:00,500 --> 01:26:58,080
absolutely black holes have very strong

2021
01:27:02,630 --> 01:27:00,510
a very aggressive lensing effect

2022
01:27:05,390 --> 01:27:02,640
especially you know near the event

2023
01:27:07,580 --> 01:27:05,400
horizon extreme distortion extreme

2024
01:27:10,570 --> 01:27:07,590
distortion of light yeah what does that

2025
01:27:13,100 --> 01:27:10,580
mean I know recently they said that

2026
01:27:16,310 --> 01:27:13,110
while I read somewhere that they've

2027
01:27:19,160 --> 01:27:16,320
discovered a black hole not nearest

2028
01:27:22,109 --> 01:27:19,170
nearest but nearer than you know

2029
01:27:23,819 --> 01:27:22,119
near us that they were unaware of do you

2030
01:27:25,830 --> 01:27:23,829
think there's black holes out there that

2031
01:27:30,060 --> 01:27:25,840
were a lot of them that we just don't

2032
01:27:32,010 --> 01:27:30,070
know that are actually around a lot we

2033
01:27:33,569 --> 01:27:32,020
have we have a call coming in but no we

2034
01:27:37,200 --> 01:27:33,579
have lensing studies we could do so we

2035
01:27:39,000 --> 01:27:37,210
look for them yeah see yeah yeah okay

2036
01:27:41,819 --> 01:27:39,010
so that's how that works um yeah he's

2037
01:27:45,450 --> 01:27:41,829
screening the call right now okay but

2038
01:27:49,530 --> 01:27:45,460
anyway it's all it's all fascinating to

2039
01:27:52,169 --> 01:27:49,540
me and you know just the fact that the

2040
01:27:53,790 --> 01:27:52,179
black holes you know what happens to

2041
01:27:58,140 --> 01:27:53,800
them and once they happen they're

2042
01:28:00,000 --> 01:27:58,150
basically forever as not all they

2043
01:28:03,689 --> 01:28:00,010
evaporate over time they disappear

2044
01:28:05,939 --> 01:28:03,699
that's called Hawking radiation now to

2045
01:28:07,620 --> 01:28:05,949
be clear though to be fair especially

2046
01:28:09,839 --> 01:28:07,630
since I dissed the electric universe

2047
01:28:13,410 --> 01:28:09,849
really to be fair we've never observed

2048
01:28:15,240 --> 01:28:13,420
Hawking radiation but our best theories

2049
01:28:18,300 --> 01:28:15,250
and models say that no black holes would

2050
01:28:20,609 --> 01:28:18,310
evaporate over time but it takes okay I

2051
01:28:23,040 --> 01:28:20,619
can't even use the word billion the word

2052
01:28:27,720 --> 01:28:23,050
billion is too small way too small it

2053
01:28:29,760 --> 01:28:27,730
would take so many years for even it

2054
01:28:31,979 --> 01:28:29,770
would take a ten to the very large power

2055
01:28:34,589 --> 01:28:31,989
a number of years for for us to ever

2056
01:28:36,930 --> 01:28:34,599
observe a black hole evaporating but but

2057
01:28:40,700 --> 01:28:36,940
ya know they're not necessarily eternal

2058
01:28:43,459 --> 01:28:40,710
yeah well I forget what the saying is in

2059
01:28:45,979 --> 01:28:43,469
physics but it's like order to disorder

2060
01:28:49,470 --> 01:28:45,989
everything you know goes to disorder

2061
01:28:50,790 --> 01:28:49,480
entropy entropy that's right yeah

2062
01:28:53,189 --> 01:28:50,800
yeah that's what I was thinking of we

2063
01:28:57,780 --> 01:28:53,199
have a caller now Dave calling from LA

2064
01:29:00,800 --> 01:28:57,790
County Dave welcome to the show up you

2065
01:29:04,410 --> 01:29:00,810
know it's my fault yeah that's that's

2066
01:29:07,680 --> 01:29:04,420
okay now now we catch it now we get to

2067
01:29:10,709 --> 01:29:07,690
date welcome to the show great thanks I

2068
01:29:12,270 --> 01:29:10,719
was wondering as Matthew it had ever

2069
01:29:13,530 --> 01:29:12,280
considered a mentor he has he's

2070
01:29:18,620 --> 01:29:13,540
incredibly intelligent man

2071
01:29:21,750 --> 01:29:18,630
the gravity such as at a black hole the

2072
01:29:23,250 --> 01:29:21,760
the event horizon gravity can the speed

2073
01:29:25,200 --> 01:29:23,260
of gravity can be faster than light

2074
01:29:29,609 --> 01:29:25,210
which is why it doesn't allow light to

2075
01:29:30,530 --> 01:29:29,619
escape so wouldn't it be possible if you

2076
01:29:32,660 --> 01:29:30,540
could

2077
01:29:36,590 --> 01:29:32,670
it was some exotic technology in the

2078
01:29:38,450 --> 01:29:36,600
future if you could create a divot in a

2079
01:29:40,880 --> 01:29:38,460
head of your ship that you could fall

2080
01:29:43,580 --> 01:29:40,890
into and make the divot deep enough that

2081
01:29:45,890 --> 01:29:43,590
it was that you could fall faster than

2082
01:29:48,110 --> 01:29:45,900
light forward maybe make one behind you

2083
01:29:49,940 --> 01:29:48,120
have negative gravity that they could

2084
01:29:52,310 --> 01:29:49,950
push you faster than light like in in

2085
01:29:54,170 --> 01:29:52,320
concert that might be a good way to

2086
01:29:58,010 --> 01:29:54,180
travel faster the light or is am I

2087
01:30:00,320 --> 01:29:58,020
completely delusional here or what so no

2088
01:30:01,610 --> 01:30:00,330
there are there are ideas similar to

2089
01:30:03,800 --> 01:30:01,620
what you say there's the I hadn't

2090
01:30:05,870 --> 01:30:03,810
mentioned there's the Alcubierre a warp

2091
01:30:08,030 --> 01:30:05,880
drive which is good good physics good

2092
01:30:10,220 --> 01:30:08,040
science it's a good idea but it does it

2093
01:30:12,020 --> 01:30:10,230
would again require negative energy with

2094
01:30:13,940 --> 01:30:12,030
the idea you suggest with a black hole I

2095
01:30:16,330 --> 01:30:13,950
don't see how one would do that without

2096
01:30:18,560 --> 01:30:16,340
getting crushed would be the problem

2097
01:30:24,260 --> 01:30:18,570
your your point about the speed of

2098
01:30:26,690 --> 01:30:24,270
gravity and light so the speed of so

2099
01:30:30,470 --> 01:30:26,700
it's again that catches the information

2100
01:30:32,000 --> 01:30:30,480
right law is information transfer so in

2101
01:30:33,620 --> 01:30:32,010
your example with the black hole so the

2102
01:30:35,030 --> 01:30:33,630
and information is lost then you fall

2103
01:30:36,830 --> 01:30:35,040
through the when you when you fall

2104
01:30:39,740 --> 01:30:36,840
through un horizon you can't get you

2105
01:30:40,970 --> 01:30:39,750
can't get back out so so no you do you

2106
01:30:43,400 --> 01:30:40,980
have some interesting ideas there I

2107
01:30:46,190 --> 01:30:43,410
don't see how the two big things I see

2108
01:30:47,330 --> 01:30:46,200
are as I said first is how to do that

2109
01:30:48,650 --> 01:30:47,340
without some sort of negative energy

2110
01:30:50,720 --> 01:30:48,660
like you said in the back of the ship

2111
01:30:52,820 --> 01:30:50,730
that's always the catch professor and

2112
01:30:59,060 --> 01:30:52,830
light and the other thing was how do you

2113
01:31:00,890 --> 01:30:59,070
avoid getting crushed like a carrot on a

2114
01:31:03,050 --> 01:31:00,900
stick if it was a projected out in front

2115
01:31:05,270 --> 01:31:03,060
of the chip and it was a big divot and

2116
01:31:07,790 --> 01:31:05,280
the ship was falling into the divot can

2117
01:31:09,770 --> 01:31:07,800
continually but it was only you know it

2118
01:31:11,930 --> 01:31:09,780
was just held out there so far away that

2119
01:31:13,670 --> 01:31:11,940
you simply sell forever until you turn

2120
01:31:16,090 --> 01:31:13,680
it off you turn it off you stop falling

2121
01:31:19,130 --> 01:31:16,100
you know be like a carrot on a stick and

2122
01:31:22,250 --> 01:31:19,140
kind of a projection kind of like an

2123
01:31:24,590 --> 01:31:22,260
artificial black hole yeah it's like

2124
01:31:26,750 --> 01:31:24,600
you're projected deep deep hole that you

2125
01:31:28,730 --> 01:31:26,760
could slide into but it always stays out

2126
01:31:31,490 --> 01:31:28,740
there in front of you it will probably

2127
01:31:32,960 --> 01:31:31,500
it's probably thousands of years beyond

2128
01:31:34,970 --> 01:31:32,970
what we couldn't even start to try to

2129
01:31:37,340 --> 01:31:34,980
think oh yeah yeah yeah that's probably

2130
01:31:39,170 --> 01:31:37,350
a good a good way Tim to slide forward

2131
01:31:40,760 --> 01:31:39,180
through through space it it really

2132
01:31:41,900 --> 01:31:40,770
really fast speeds yeah I'd have to

2133
01:31:43,580 --> 01:31:41,910
think more about it

2134
01:31:44,750 --> 01:31:43,590
so you're basically you

2135
01:31:47,359 --> 01:31:44,760
would you talk about it's like it's like

2136
01:31:51,620 --> 01:31:47,369
a gravitational assist but taking it

2137
01:31:53,270 --> 01:31:51,630
artists air on steroids yeah one one

2138
01:31:55,459 --> 01:31:53,280
doubt one downside - it's not

2139
01:31:57,770 --> 01:31:55,469
necessarily downside but one downside to

2140
01:31:59,750 --> 01:31:57,780
it would be you would unintentionally

2141
01:32:02,180 --> 01:31:59,760
always be time-traveling to the Future

2142
01:32:04,070 --> 01:32:02,190
one way so I'm here if you're if you're

2143
01:32:07,189 --> 01:32:04,080
that close to a black hole all the time

2144
01:32:09,979 --> 01:32:07,199
what happens is is that you know a few

2145
01:32:11,750 --> 01:32:09,989
hours passes for you but thousands of

2146
01:32:13,700 --> 01:32:11,760
years back home because remember that

2147
01:32:16,070 --> 01:32:13,710
what you just described warping of space

2148
01:32:17,750 --> 01:32:16,080
space and time are two sides of the same

2149
01:32:19,490 --> 01:32:17,760
coin if your working space your

2150
01:32:22,790 --> 01:32:19,500
generation acceleration it doesn't

2151
01:32:24,830 --> 01:32:22,800
matter right well no acceleration makes

2152
01:32:27,800 --> 01:32:24,840
it even worse so ya know you'd have so

2153
01:32:29,450 --> 01:32:27,810
you have pretty severe warping of not

2154
01:32:30,919 --> 01:32:29,460
just space but time because whenever you

2155
01:32:32,839 --> 01:32:30,929
have warping of space you also have

2156
01:32:34,339 --> 01:32:32,849
warping of time that's not necessarily a

2157
01:32:36,740 --> 01:32:34,349
bad thing I wouldn't mind a one-way

2158
01:32:38,720 --> 01:32:36,750
ticket to the future out of Cove in and

2159
01:32:41,629 --> 01:32:38,730
out of today's era so that's not really

2160
01:32:44,600 --> 01:32:41,639
a bad thing yeah great well thank you so

2161
01:32:47,570 --> 01:32:44,610
much thank you yeah thanks for the call

2162
01:32:49,760 --> 01:32:47,580
the line is open and that number is

2163
01:32:52,520 --> 01:32:49,770
eight five five four seven two five four

2164
01:32:54,560 --> 01:32:52,530
eight three we are taking calls and you

2165
01:32:56,270 --> 01:32:54,570
are welcome to call and ask a question

2166
01:32:58,939 --> 01:32:56,280
that was actually really good question

2167
01:33:02,660 --> 01:32:58,949
another call is in just waiting for it

2168
01:33:05,839 --> 01:33:02,670
to get screened so yeah this is all very

2169
01:33:08,899 --> 01:33:05,849
fascinating I heard of there was this

2170
01:33:11,689 --> 01:33:08,909
other guy that was talking about gravity

2171
01:33:14,570 --> 01:33:11,699
like that's why there's no g-force that

2172
01:33:16,459 --> 01:33:14,580
are destructing you know the crafts or

2173
01:33:19,220 --> 01:33:16,469
the people's because they're actually in

2174
01:33:23,000 --> 01:33:19,230
a constant fall which is quite a quite a

2175
01:33:25,070 --> 01:33:23,010
very interesting theory not sure if it

2176
01:33:27,410 --> 01:33:25,080
had any really meat to it but here we

2177
01:33:30,589 --> 01:33:27,420
have Andy calling from Connecticut Andy

2178
01:33:34,550 --> 01:33:30,599
calls in quite often Andy welcome to the

2179
01:33:38,030 --> 01:33:34,560
show Andy hi guys good Joe so my

2180
01:33:41,390 --> 01:33:38,040
question is uh and I'm sure this is off

2181
01:33:44,030 --> 01:33:41,400
a little bit off subject but what does

2182
01:33:47,570 --> 01:33:44,040
our professor Matt think about the idea

2183
01:33:50,240 --> 01:33:47,580
of all points in space and time being

2184
01:33:56,120 --> 01:33:50,250
connected and and what that might mean

2185
01:33:57,410 --> 01:33:56,130
about consciousness and you know astral

2186
01:34:00,290 --> 01:33:57,420
projection out-of-body

2187
01:34:02,750 --> 01:34:00,300
experiences you know it connects to

2188
01:34:05,479 --> 01:34:02,760
spirituality I know this is a little bit

2189
01:34:09,229 --> 01:34:05,489
weird but there was that famous comment

2190
01:34:11,330 --> 01:34:09,239
made by the skunkworks director during a

2191
01:34:14,120 --> 01:34:11,340
breakfast where Jan Harvin was present

2192
01:34:16,400 --> 01:34:14,130
and and that was the comment made that

2193
01:34:20,180 --> 01:34:16,410
that we've got technology that would

2194
01:34:22,340 --> 01:34:20,190
knock your socks off and it it he

2195
01:34:27,260 --> 01:34:22,350
preferred to all points in space and

2196
01:34:30,110 --> 01:34:27,270
time being connected and then I'll take

2197
01:34:31,130 --> 01:34:30,120
my your answer up there all right thank

2198
01:34:33,890 --> 01:34:31,140
you Andy thank you

2199
01:34:35,750 --> 01:34:33,900
like that's a great great question that

2200
01:34:40,280 --> 01:34:35,760
well yeah requires mean some deep

2201
01:34:43,669 --> 01:34:40,290
thought so I yeah definitely I have

2202
01:34:45,830 --> 01:34:43,679
absolutely heard of this and and III

2203
01:34:47,390 --> 01:34:45,840
have I have issues with it that doesn't

2204
01:34:51,950 --> 01:34:47,400
mean it isn't right it would just mean

2205
01:34:57,380 --> 01:34:51,960
that I would have we it's very difficult

2206
01:34:59,419 --> 01:34:57,390
for me to it to ik Stan these phenomena

2207
01:35:00,590 --> 01:34:59,429
in the context of our current

2208
01:35:01,939 --> 01:35:00,600
understanding of science because I

2209
01:35:04,340 --> 01:35:01,949
mentioned the quantum entanglement

2210
01:35:08,180 --> 01:35:04,350
earlier where you can have in quantum

2211
01:35:11,330 --> 01:35:08,190
mechanics non-local effects that do seem

2212
01:35:14,270 --> 01:35:11,340
to imply that there is some sort of

2213
01:35:16,100 --> 01:35:14,280
ability with a faster than than like

2214
01:35:18,140 --> 01:35:16,110
communication a connectedness and

2215
01:35:20,120 --> 01:35:18,150
distant points in space but as I said

2216
01:35:24,350 --> 01:35:20,130
the catches is then is the lack of

2217
01:35:26,720 --> 01:35:24,360
information transferring that so in my

2218
01:35:29,810 --> 01:35:26,730
in my opinion I do always this I say the

2219
01:35:35,120 --> 01:35:29,820
same thing as I do with um with UFO so I

2220
01:35:37,640 --> 01:35:35,130
think hopefully so the most honest

2221
01:35:39,770 --> 01:35:37,650
answer I can give is that I think we

2222
01:35:41,060 --> 01:35:39,780
have jinsim of the phenomena you

2223
01:35:44,660 --> 01:35:41,070
mentioned like astral projection that

2224
01:35:48,110 --> 01:35:44,670
it's similar to issues with UFOs where

2225
01:35:50,660 --> 01:35:48,120
it's not considered scientific because

2226
01:35:54,530 --> 01:35:50,670
we didn't fully try it so it's kind of a

2227
01:35:58,760 --> 01:35:54,540
tautology and so we didn't fully study

2228
01:36:00,800 --> 01:35:58,770
it and therefore it's nonsense well why

2229
01:36:03,709 --> 01:36:00,810
can't I go study it Oh cuz it's nonsense

2230
01:36:06,110 --> 01:36:03,719
but should I check no I waste your time

2231
01:36:09,100 --> 01:36:06,120
so we can see it's a tautology and so I

2232
01:36:10,849 --> 01:36:09,110
do think that even though it's extremely

2233
01:36:16,520 --> 01:36:10,859
unlikely

2234
01:36:19,069 --> 01:36:16,530
to be right or correct there it is worth

2235
01:36:21,649 --> 01:36:19,079
sometimes exploring those off-the-wall

2236
01:36:23,810 --> 01:36:21,659
ideas on the off chance I mentioned

2237
01:36:25,369 --> 01:36:23,820
earlier the zero times infinity gamble

2238
01:36:27,799 --> 01:36:25,379
as I like to call it on the off chance

2239
01:36:29,239 --> 01:36:27,809
one of the crazy ideas is right because

2240
01:36:31,250 --> 01:36:29,249
we have to realize that at one point

2241
01:36:33,439 --> 01:36:31,260
Einsteins idea is that that the speed of

2242
01:36:36,859 --> 01:36:33,449
light was the maximum speed that was

2243
01:36:39,109 --> 01:36:36,869
considered dumb and crazy and so and so

2244
01:36:41,929 --> 01:36:39,119
you know today's nonsense does so

2245
01:36:44,709 --> 01:36:41,939
sometimes become scientific fact but as

2246
01:36:47,540 --> 01:36:44,719
I said early has to be confronted with

2247
01:36:48,979 --> 01:36:47,550
experimental with experimental data and

2248
01:36:50,629 --> 01:36:48,989
I do know there's some very interesting

2249
01:36:52,669 --> 01:36:50,639
things you know going back to quantum

2250
01:36:55,459 --> 01:36:52,679
entanglement that's been happening in in

2251
01:36:58,189 --> 01:36:55,469
quantum mechanics in quantum physics so

2252
01:37:01,250 --> 01:36:58,199
I don't want to just dismiss um be

2253
01:37:03,949 --> 01:37:01,260
completely dismissive of the idea but I

2254
01:37:05,689 --> 01:37:03,959
am I am skeptical and if there was

2255
01:37:07,219 --> 01:37:05,699
actually hidden you know government

2256
01:37:10,459 --> 01:37:07,229
technology knowledge and like I said

2257
01:37:13,669 --> 01:37:10,469
earlier as a scientist not just Susan I

2258
01:37:15,829 --> 01:37:13,679
would be extremely angry and deeply

2259
01:37:18,500 --> 01:37:15,839
offended because of these things that

2260
01:37:20,779 --> 01:37:18,510
you mentioned are real scientists should

2261
01:37:22,520 --> 01:37:20,789
be studying them and trying to

2262
01:37:25,520 --> 01:37:22,530
understand how they work and what causes

2263
01:37:27,799 --> 01:37:25,530
them they should not be kept secret but

2264
01:37:29,179 --> 01:37:27,809
the and and then and then laughed at is

2265
01:37:31,069 --> 01:37:29,189
like oh we already know that doesn't

2266
01:37:34,790 --> 01:37:31,079
work they should we should crack that

2267
01:37:36,859 --> 01:37:34,800
open and then study that so it if if the

2268
01:37:38,899 --> 01:37:36,869
caller is right that you know that there

2269
01:37:40,669 --> 01:37:38,909
is and I have heard this obviously I've

2270
01:37:42,469 --> 01:37:40,679
heard this myself and from Kevin that

2271
01:37:44,479 --> 01:37:42,479
these are real technologies you know

2272
01:37:45,679 --> 01:37:44,489
there's the CIA program for psychic

2273
01:37:47,989 --> 01:37:45,689
spies and stuff like that

2274
01:37:49,099 --> 01:37:47,999
not necessarily technology I used that

2275
01:37:51,500 --> 01:37:49,109
word wrong could just be you know

2276
01:37:54,109 --> 01:37:51,510
natural some something of the human mind

2277
01:37:55,909 --> 01:37:54,119
on its own I would be furious to learn

2278
01:37:57,500 --> 01:37:55,919
that it was real and the scientific

2279
01:37:59,089 --> 01:37:57,510
community's been laughing out for years

2280
01:38:01,429 --> 01:37:59,099
and the US government's had this the

2281
01:38:04,429 --> 01:38:01,439
whole time because we should be studying

2282
01:38:07,459 --> 01:38:04,439
we should be trying to understand what

2283
01:38:09,679 --> 01:38:07,469
the causes is it what type of wave is

2284
01:38:12,020 --> 01:38:09,689
being communicated what force if these

2285
01:38:15,619 --> 01:38:12,030
are real phenomena we should apply the

2286
01:38:17,869 --> 01:38:15,629
scientific method and determine what the

2287
01:38:20,000 --> 01:38:17,879
causes are and not just not just laugh

2288
01:38:22,849 --> 01:38:20,010
it off so that was a long-winded answer

2289
01:38:24,950 --> 01:38:22,859
sorry no no I love ya

2290
01:38:28,370 --> 01:38:24,960
we now have Greg

2291
01:38:30,500 --> 01:38:28,380
in Samara yeah Samaria I think that's my

2292
01:38:34,310 --> 01:38:30,510
first Sumerian call Greg welcome to the

2293
01:38:39,169 --> 01:38:34,320
show hey thank you I you have to promise

2294
01:38:40,640 --> 01:38:39,179
not to hit me before I ask this yes wait

2295
01:38:44,080 --> 01:38:40,650
a minute first of all this may be an

2296
01:38:48,169 --> 01:38:44,090
excuse what time is it there right now

2297
01:38:59,479 --> 01:38:48,179
well it's several years it's like 1,000

2298
01:39:03,589 --> 01:38:59,489
BC actually anyway yeah go ahead go

2299
01:39:05,720 --> 01:39:03,599
ahead ask the question all right some

2300
01:39:08,240 --> 01:39:05,730
great minds like Steve Hudgens from

2301
01:39:10,640 --> 01:39:08,250
MUFON and all that believe in this guy

2302
01:39:14,419 --> 01:39:10,650
cuz you and one-millisecond tell me

2303
01:39:21,649 --> 01:39:14,429
everything he got right with the worlds

2304
01:39:23,660 --> 01:39:21,659
of collision Velikovsky you know worlds

2305
01:39:24,950 --> 01:39:23,670
of cos sorry the the internet broke up

2306
01:39:26,540 --> 01:39:24,960
and I couldn't I couldn't hear my

2307
01:39:29,209 --> 01:39:26,550
connection broke up worlds in collision

2308
01:39:31,879 --> 01:39:29,219
and what was the other thing

2309
01:39:34,520 --> 01:39:31,889
Oh scoffs key he's the one who has the

2310
01:39:37,899 --> 01:39:34,530
thing tonging up I think his Venus was

2311
01:39:41,000 --> 01:39:37,909
ping-ponging around the solar system and

2312
01:39:43,220 --> 01:39:41,010
cause I think he called Noah's Flood I

2313
01:39:46,359 --> 01:39:43,230
can't remember for sure there was a lot

2314
01:39:50,089 --> 01:39:46,369
of ping pong and really strange physics

2315
01:39:52,910 --> 01:39:50,099
well we actually so we know the history

2316
01:39:54,709 --> 01:39:52,920
of the solar system incredibly well so

2317
01:39:57,700 --> 01:39:54,719
the planets were in different positions

2318
01:40:01,189 --> 01:39:57,710
over time and we actually we have solid

2319
01:40:03,080 --> 01:40:01,199
we actually have pretty good models for

2320
01:40:05,000 --> 01:40:03,090
how the planets moved over time and what

2321
01:40:07,819 --> 01:40:05,010
their climates were they're not perfect

2322
01:40:11,209 --> 01:40:07,829
but what their climates were a billions

2323
01:40:13,669 --> 01:40:11,219
of years ago and I don't think there's

2324
01:40:17,720 --> 01:40:13,679
any any good scientific evidence for any

2325
01:40:21,080 --> 01:40:17,730
of those any of those ideas so there's

2326
01:40:23,240 --> 01:40:21,090
like no chance on it no chance at all

2327
01:40:25,339 --> 01:40:23,250
that Venus could be pink hanging around

2328
01:40:27,979 --> 01:40:25,349
or that plan that X could be looming

2329
01:40:31,160 --> 01:40:27,989
right over the horizon ready to kill us

2330
01:40:33,770 --> 01:40:31,170
and you're right no no there could be in

2331
01:40:36,950 --> 01:40:33,780
the Kuiper belt there could be a very

2332
01:40:38,030 --> 01:40:36,960
large additional planet there is

2333
01:40:40,850 --> 01:40:38,040
actually some

2334
01:40:43,610 --> 01:40:40,860
in some way out there way yeah out there

2335
01:40:46,490 --> 01:40:43,620
yeah no and and yeah there is Evelyn a

2336
01:40:48,890 --> 01:40:46,500
few years are you referring to the

2337
01:40:51,650 --> 01:40:48,900
nemesis the potentially the nemesis

2338
01:40:54,500 --> 01:40:51,660
hypothesis it's not one of my favorite

2339
01:40:56,060 --> 01:40:54,510
series I'm a little fuzzy on it because

2340
01:40:59,270 --> 01:40:56,070
I kind of like started throwing things

2341
01:41:01,070 --> 01:40:59,280
when I was reading it but yeah this come

2342
01:41:03,200 --> 01:41:01,080
around every few thousand years I think

2343
01:41:05,870 --> 01:41:03,210
which I don't see how that would be

2344
01:41:08,090 --> 01:41:05,880
remotely possible well we do have

2345
01:41:11,150 --> 01:41:08,100
meteors and comets that do come around

2346
01:41:12,920 --> 01:41:11,160
and in some cases in what seems to be on

2347
01:41:15,590 --> 01:41:12,930
regular cycles like if you look at the

2348
01:41:19,070 --> 01:41:15,600
extinction history of Earth so there is

2349
01:41:22,100 --> 01:41:19,080
space is dynamic so one thing that is

2350
01:41:24,020 --> 01:41:22,110
correct there is space is dynamic so

2351
01:41:26,660 --> 01:41:24,030
this cartoon that we have picture of the

2352
01:41:28,280 --> 01:41:26,670
solar system from childhood is not fully

2353
01:41:30,530 --> 01:41:28,290
correct because the solar system has

2354
01:41:32,300 --> 01:41:30,540
shifted over billions of years so you

2355
01:41:34,940 --> 01:41:32,310
don't just have you know there's the Sun

2356
01:41:37,210 --> 01:41:34,950
and Mercury Venus that's how it is now

2357
01:41:40,010 --> 01:41:37,220
but over billions of years things do

2358
01:41:44,420 --> 01:41:40,020
things can switch up I do I know I've

2359
01:41:46,520 --> 01:41:44,430
seen one astronomical model where where

2360
01:41:48,350 --> 01:41:46,530
Jupiter was once much close to the Sun

2361
01:41:51,920 --> 01:41:48,360
billions of years ago and that shifted

2362
01:41:54,170 --> 01:41:51,930
and kicked things around so there is but

2363
01:41:56,960 --> 01:41:54,180
a ping-pong in effect would be very

2364
01:41:59,210 --> 01:41:56,970
difficult to explain gravitationally

2365
01:42:00,890 --> 01:41:59,220
because why would it go and come back

2366
01:42:03,350 --> 01:42:00,900
because remember that gravity is only

2367
01:42:06,050 --> 01:42:03,360
attractive and it can also mean anybody

2368
01:42:08,750 --> 01:42:06,060
else's orbit which is kind of crazy

2369
01:42:11,750 --> 01:42:08,760
ya know ya know everything is this is is

2370
01:42:14,660 --> 01:42:11,760
interconnected because even though the

2371
01:42:16,730 --> 01:42:14,670
planets are very far apart gravity does

2372
01:42:19,670 --> 01:42:16,740
have an infinite range has an infinite

2373
01:42:23,270 --> 01:42:19,680
extent so like Jupiter's gravity is a

2374
01:42:25,160 --> 01:42:23,280
non negligible quantity in our solar

2375
01:42:27,440 --> 01:42:25,170
system right it's not just that this the

2376
01:42:30,080 --> 01:42:27,450
Sun's gravity is the most important but

2377
01:42:34,250 --> 01:42:30,090
Jupiter's gravity is very non negligible

2378
01:42:36,080 --> 01:42:34,260
yeah yeah first size thank you Greg so

2379
01:42:38,600 --> 01:42:36,090
yeah I mean there's there's been often

2380
01:42:41,360 --> 01:42:38,610
there's been talk about you know an an

2381
01:42:42,590 --> 01:42:41,370
elliptical orbit that we don't know

2382
01:42:44,690 --> 01:42:42,600
about the come you know something that

2383
01:42:46,130 --> 01:42:44,700
may come around every you know eight

2384
01:42:47,990 --> 01:42:46,140
hundred years or something like that

2385
01:42:51,799 --> 01:42:48,000
that we have absolutely no idea until it

2386
01:42:52,909 --> 01:42:51,809
shows up how do you think we are set as

2387
01:42:55,879 --> 01:42:52,919
you know one of the things of course

2388
01:42:58,849 --> 01:42:55,889
that always makes me a little nervous is

2389
01:43:00,169 --> 01:42:58,859
um you know asteroids you know getting

2390
01:43:02,839 --> 01:43:00,179
hit by an asteroid or something like

2391
01:43:04,279 --> 01:43:02,849
that do you think we have a long way to

2392
01:43:06,949 --> 01:43:04,289
go on that or do you think we're fairly

2393
01:43:08,750 --> 01:43:06,959
safe as far as detection and what do we

2394
01:43:11,599 --> 01:43:08,760
do if we see when coming right at us I

2395
01:43:13,669 --> 01:43:11,609
mean I've screwed we're screwed I listen

2396
01:43:14,629 --> 01:43:13,679
to astronomy Cass I don't know if you've

2397
01:43:18,709 --> 01:43:14,639
ever listened to that

2398
01:43:20,299 --> 01:43:18,719
yeah with a Fraser Cain uh yeah yeah one

2399
01:43:23,809 --> 01:43:20,309
of his sayings is you know the universe

2400
01:43:26,509 --> 01:43:23,819
is out to kill us I thank you for the

2401
01:43:28,549 --> 01:43:26,519
for that question yeah I uh tied zip

2402
01:43:30,109 --> 01:43:28,559
ties in nicely with our last caller no

2403
01:43:33,349 --> 01:43:30,119
it's not a question of if it's a

2404
01:43:34,929 --> 01:43:33,359
question of when um and and and what

2405
01:43:36,859 --> 01:43:34,939
you're saying is it likely

2406
01:43:38,239 --> 01:43:36,869
unfortunately statistics doesn't work

2407
01:43:40,189 --> 01:43:38,249
that way but I'm really glad you asked

2408
01:43:41,419 --> 01:43:40,199
that that will be like asking that would

2409
01:43:45,319 --> 01:43:41,429
be like asking the following question

2410
01:43:47,569 --> 01:43:45,329
I'm playing cards right blackjack poker

2411
01:43:50,119 --> 01:43:47,579
or whatever I'm losing oh you know what

2412
01:43:52,129 --> 01:43:50,129
I'm due for a win the law of averages

2413
01:43:55,579 --> 01:43:52,139
this is not how it works an asteroid

2414
01:43:58,040 --> 01:43:55,589
could come tomorrow or not for another

2415
01:44:00,049 --> 01:43:58,050
10 million years and I can't say one or

2416
01:44:01,759 --> 01:44:00,059
the other is quote-unquote more likely

2417
01:44:04,579 --> 01:44:01,769
that's now statistics works its

2418
01:44:08,270 --> 01:44:04,589
statistics is better apply when you

2419
01:44:09,139 --> 01:44:08,280
average over time so it's but also you

2420
01:44:10,579 --> 01:44:09,149
know there's different schools of

2421
01:44:12,169 --> 01:44:10,589
thought on it there's Bayesian and

2422
01:44:14,329 --> 01:44:12,179
frequentist statistics stuff like that

2423
01:44:17,959 --> 01:44:14,339
but basically yeah it could be tomorrow

2424
01:44:20,540 --> 01:44:17,969
right as far as detection people work

2425
01:44:22,520 --> 01:44:20,550
hard on it both astronomers and amateur

2426
01:44:24,319 --> 01:44:22,530
astronomers detecting near-earth objects

2427
01:44:27,829 --> 01:44:24,329
that's what they're called you know any

2428
01:44:30,189 --> 01:44:27,839
OHS no but you're absolutely contrite

2429
01:44:34,339 --> 01:44:30,199
that we could just get completely

2430
01:44:38,329 --> 01:44:34,349
unlucky and but and I worry about it too

2431
01:44:41,149 --> 01:44:38,339
because we don't have our you know shi t

2432
01:44:42,529 --> 01:44:41,159
together as humanity basically and and

2433
01:44:45,529 --> 01:44:42,539
we would have to be we would have to

2434
01:44:48,020 --> 01:44:45,539
stop treating science and technology as

2435
01:44:49,969 --> 01:44:48,030
a joke funding it more not just in the

2436
01:44:52,369 --> 01:44:49,979
US but in the around the world treat

2437
01:44:54,040 --> 01:44:52,379
science seriously because we're not

2438
01:44:56,540 --> 01:44:54,050
ready we're not a science or technology

2439
01:44:59,029 --> 01:44:56,550
it's not like the movie Armageddon or

2440
01:45:01,429 --> 01:44:59,039
deep impact there's there's nothing we

2441
01:45:03,889 --> 01:45:01,439
could do nuclear weapons nothing so I

2442
01:45:05,050 --> 01:45:03,899
used to I used to think our fine you

2443
01:45:07,390 --> 01:45:05,060
lots of nukes

2444
01:45:10,390 --> 01:45:07,400
and then I sat down I realized it's not

2445
01:45:12,070 --> 01:45:10,400
gonna do it big enough rock it would

2446
01:45:14,200 --> 01:45:12,080
just make a dent you know the entire

2447
01:45:16,260 --> 01:45:14,210
world nuclear arsenal would be like

2448
01:45:18,430 --> 01:45:16,270
think you know cuz these are you know

2449
01:45:20,830 --> 01:45:18,440
potentially big rocks we're talking

2450
01:45:22,330 --> 01:45:20,840
about and so I completely agree with you

2451
01:45:24,550 --> 01:45:22,340
and I think that this is one of the

2452
01:45:27,010 --> 01:45:24,560
reasons why my colleagues think I'm

2453
01:45:28,810 --> 01:45:27,020
crazy when I say this we need to become

2454
01:45:30,820 --> 01:45:28,820
an interplanetary Society

2455
01:45:33,460 --> 01:45:30,830
I'm disappointed when I was a kid

2456
01:45:36,370 --> 01:45:33,470
where's the moon base where's the Mars

2457
01:45:38,740 --> 01:45:36,380
colony it's 2020 we still don't have a

2458
01:45:42,040 --> 01:45:38,750
moon base we're pathetic we're pathetic

2459
01:45:44,590 --> 01:45:42,050
we have all our eggs in one basket one

2460
01:45:47,890 --> 01:45:44,600
bullet takes us out you know kovat 19

2461
01:45:51,220 --> 01:45:47,900
imagine if Cova 19 instead of 3 or 4

2462
01:45:54,040 --> 01:45:51,230
percent fatal was 30 percent fatal like

2463
01:45:55,960 --> 01:45:54,050
MERS or SARS but it was was was more

2464
01:45:58,540 --> 01:45:55,970
continued we'd be on would we be all

2465
01:46:00,820 --> 01:45:58,550
dead right now right and like that's why

2466
01:46:03,250 --> 01:46:00,830
I think it's so important we become

2467
01:46:06,010 --> 01:46:03,260
interplanetary because it was not a

2468
01:46:08,380 --> 01:46:06,020
virus then it's a comet or asteroid

2469
01:46:10,930 --> 01:46:08,390
something's gonna get us you know you

2470
01:46:12,970 --> 01:46:10,940
can spread out volcano Yellowstone right

2471
01:46:15,580 --> 01:46:12,980
Super Bowl camp we need to spread out

2472
01:46:17,440 --> 01:46:15,590
and unfortunately that's gonna take

2473
01:46:20,440 --> 01:46:17,450
billions and trillions of dollars and

2474
01:46:22,210 --> 01:46:20,450
euros and yen and all that I don't think

2475
01:46:25,360 --> 01:46:22,220
we have the willpower for it I wish we

2476
01:46:27,400 --> 01:46:25,370
did I wish we did did you follow I don't

2477
01:46:28,930 --> 01:46:27,410
know was it maybe four years ago people

2478
01:46:30,790 --> 01:46:28,940
were signing up to go to Mars do you

2479
01:46:34,300 --> 01:46:30,800
remember that yeah it what it was called

2480
01:46:36,250 --> 01:46:34,310
yeah I know a lot of people yeah yeah no

2481
01:46:37,360 --> 01:46:36,260
but I think it was premature even though

2482
01:46:40,240 --> 01:46:37,370
I just said we have to become

2483
01:46:42,160 --> 01:46:40,250
interplanetary we have not solved all

2484
01:46:43,930 --> 01:46:42,170
the problems right what if there's you

2485
01:46:46,270 --> 01:46:43,940
know this cosmic radiation marie's

2486
01:46:49,330 --> 01:46:46,280
radius where there's a solar flare you

2487
01:46:52,630 --> 01:46:49,340
know boom you know so we have not solved

2488
01:46:55,000 --> 01:46:52,640
all the problems I I want to but we also

2489
01:46:57,430 --> 01:46:55,010
we shouldn't rush and just kill

2490
01:46:59,770 --> 01:46:57,440
everybody doing interstellar travel so

2491
01:47:01,330 --> 01:46:59,780
we have to be cautious but I worry that

2492
01:47:03,640 --> 01:47:01,340
we're being too cautious and we're not

2493
01:47:05,980 --> 01:47:03,650
trying hard enough all these problems

2494
01:47:08,380 --> 01:47:05,990
like radiation there's no law of physics

2495
01:47:11,020 --> 01:47:08,390
stopping us this is an engineering

2496
01:47:13,090 --> 01:47:11,030
problem we're smart we have engineers

2497
01:47:14,680 --> 01:47:13,100
this is an engineering problem there's

2498
01:47:16,780 --> 01:47:14,690
nothing in the laws of physics is

2499
01:47:18,339 --> 01:47:16,790
stopping us from first becoming

2500
01:47:20,560 --> 01:47:18,349
interplanetary

2501
01:47:22,899 --> 01:47:20,570
and then eventually interstellar yeah

2502
01:47:25,239 --> 01:47:22,909
this question up here we knew another

2503
01:47:27,159 --> 01:47:25,249
planet young if we knew of another

2504
01:47:28,779 --> 01:47:27,169
planet beyond Pluto we would have known

2505
01:47:31,569 --> 01:47:28,789
it by now

2506
01:47:34,149 --> 01:47:31,579
from an astronomer but they actually do

2507
01:47:36,969 --> 01:47:34,159
know of bodies that can be fairly large

2508
01:47:39,849 --> 01:47:36,979
and almost considered a planet don't

2509
01:47:41,919 --> 01:47:39,859
they or similar size to Pluto maybe even

2510
01:47:43,869 --> 01:47:41,929
bigger yeah there was this plenty beyond

2511
01:47:46,889 --> 01:47:43,879
Pluto there's the Kuiper belt in the

2512
01:47:49,359 --> 01:47:46,899
Oort cloud and actually it's not it's

2513
01:47:52,330 --> 01:47:49,369
not true that we would have known about

2514
01:47:54,520 --> 01:47:52,340
it and here's the reason why so it's a

2515
01:47:56,529 --> 01:47:54,530
very strange kind of counterintuitive

2516
01:47:58,899 --> 01:47:56,539
effect but sometimes in astronomy it's

2517
01:48:02,080 --> 01:47:58,909
easier to see far away than close by so

2518
01:48:04,689 --> 01:48:02,090
for example so it's just the mr.

2519
01:48:07,089 --> 01:48:04,699
Stanford ex works I think you know we

2520
01:48:08,589 --> 01:48:07,099
can use the Hubble Space Telescope which

2521
01:48:11,139 --> 01:48:08,599
is here now you know there's James Webb

2522
01:48:14,049 --> 01:48:11,149
coming but we had huh HST we can see

2523
01:48:15,310 --> 01:48:14,059
hundred billion you know 100 bill you

2524
01:48:17,109 --> 01:48:15,320
know not 100 billion but you know

2525
01:48:17,679 --> 01:48:17,119
billions of light years away there's a

2526
01:48:19,540 --> 01:48:17,689
galaxy

2527
01:48:21,849 --> 01:48:19,550
you can't them you can't point the

2528
01:48:23,560 --> 01:48:21,859
telescope and then show the American

2529
01:48:25,209 --> 01:48:23,570
flag on the moon for example and prove

2530
01:48:27,069 --> 01:48:25,219
to them you know moon hoaxers how we

2531
01:48:28,569 --> 01:48:27,079
landed on the moon doesn't work that way

2532
01:48:30,819 --> 01:48:28,579
it's not how objects were so sometimes

2533
01:48:32,560 --> 01:48:30,829
it's easier to see what's farther away

2534
01:48:34,929 --> 01:48:32,570
than what's right under your own nose

2535
01:48:36,909 --> 01:48:34,939
and so it's not true that if there was

2536
01:48:39,399 --> 01:48:36,919
another planet there we would have seen

2537
01:48:41,349 --> 01:48:39,409
it probably not but I have seen articles

2538
01:48:43,509 --> 01:48:41,359
real scientific articles not just

2539
01:48:46,659 --> 01:48:43,519
popular press that there may be another

2540
01:48:48,969 --> 01:48:46,669
planet that could be very large maybe

2541
01:48:51,849 --> 01:48:48,979
earth sized or even bigger lurking in

2542
01:48:55,000 --> 01:48:51,859
the Kuiper belt and it's possible it's

2543
01:48:57,939 --> 01:48:55,010
not probable so the comment was write

2544
01:49:02,349 --> 01:48:57,949
this it's not probable but it's not

2545
01:49:03,639 --> 01:49:02,359
impossible well interesting while I have

2546
01:49:05,799 --> 01:49:03,649
everyone's attention I just wanted to

2547
01:49:07,000 --> 01:49:05,809
say well we're running out of time to

2548
01:49:11,619 --> 01:49:07,010
take calls we've got about five minutes

2549
01:49:12,879 --> 01:49:11,629
left but next week we have four guests I

2550
01:49:14,709 --> 01:49:12,889
usually announce this at the very end

2551
01:49:17,020 --> 01:49:14,719
but I just wanted to do it now case

2552
01:49:19,029 --> 01:49:17,030
someone drops off we have Tom Kerry and

2553
01:49:21,099 --> 01:49:19,039
Don Schmidt they're gonna be talking

2554
01:49:24,040 --> 01:49:21,109
about their new book and at the very end

2555
01:49:25,509 --> 01:49:24,050
for fun only a half hour left on the

2556
01:49:28,929 --> 01:49:25,519
show I'm gonna be actually interviewing

2557
01:49:32,810 --> 01:49:28,939
two people from this is for fun now it's

2558
01:49:35,450 --> 01:49:32,820
just for fun and it's uh it's called

2559
01:49:38,660 --> 01:49:35,460
it's a movie coming out Elvis from outer

2560
01:49:41,569 --> 01:49:38,670
space conspiracy and there's an Elvis

2561
01:49:44,870 --> 01:49:41,579
impersonator like I said and this is for

2562
01:49:45,740 --> 01:49:44,880
fun and also Tracy will chard who's the

2563
01:49:48,229 --> 01:49:45,750
writer director

2564
01:49:51,439 --> 01:49:48,239
so that is for fun it's my birthday next

2565
01:49:53,780 --> 01:49:51,449
Tuesday so I'm doing a little fun yeah

2566
01:49:58,040 --> 01:49:53,790
in advance yeah a little fun at the end

2567
01:49:59,810 --> 01:49:58,050
of the show and anyway so moving on I

2568
01:50:01,819 --> 01:49:59,820
think we're about out of time for cause

2569
01:50:03,950 --> 01:50:01,829
unless if someone wants to get a quick

2570
01:50:07,280 --> 01:50:03,960
call in we can take one more call that

2571
01:50:11,089 --> 01:50:07,290
numbers up on your screen it's 855 472

2572
01:50:12,919 --> 01:50:11,099
543 otherwise don't forget you actually

2573
01:50:14,870 --> 01:50:12,929
go ahead and forget it men in black

2574
01:50:20,089 --> 01:50:14,880
Tommy Lee Jones told Will Smith Elvis

2575
01:50:20,930 --> 01:50:20,099
didn't die he just went home yeah that's

2576
01:50:25,459 --> 01:50:20,940
right

2577
01:50:30,229 --> 01:50:25,469
so did we actually discuss the total

2578
01:50:33,169 --> 01:50:30,239
idea of how like any craft can use dark

2579
01:50:35,450 --> 01:50:33,179
matter to create the zero-point energy

2580
01:50:37,609 --> 01:50:35,460
did you go through that whole thing we

2581
01:50:39,109 --> 01:50:37,619
got a couple minutes left but yeah you

2582
01:50:41,569 --> 01:50:39,119
know we never got there so we should get

2583
01:50:43,280 --> 01:50:41,579
to here so so no but remember zero point

2584
01:50:45,589 --> 01:50:43,290
energies dark energy not dark matter

2585
01:50:48,140 --> 01:50:45,599
there they're probably not related but

2586
01:50:49,550 --> 01:50:48,150
but yeah your question is yeah very good

2587
01:50:52,160 --> 01:50:49,560
question because I said this a few weeks

2588
01:50:54,169 --> 01:50:52,170
ago with se you so even though dark

2589
01:50:56,089 --> 01:50:54,179
matter interacts very rarely and dark

2590
01:50:57,620 --> 01:50:56,099
energy we're not sure what it is it's

2591
01:51:00,410 --> 01:50:57,630
probably related to zero-point energy

2592
01:51:04,760 --> 01:51:00,420
the point I was making about propulsion

2593
01:51:07,040 --> 01:51:04,770
was that if we could find a way to tap

2594
01:51:10,640 --> 01:51:07,050
if there was something we can't pretend

2595
01:51:13,370 --> 01:51:10,650
imagine right now today to tap into dark

2596
01:51:15,350 --> 01:51:13,380
matter and or dark energy we have this

2597
01:51:17,600 --> 01:51:15,360
giant fuel source then right

2598
01:51:20,270 --> 01:51:17,610
you don't need fuel anymore if 70% of

2599
01:51:23,060 --> 01:51:20,280
the universe is dark energy and 25% is

2600
01:51:26,810 --> 01:51:23,070
dark matter then if there was some way

2601
01:51:31,580 --> 01:51:26,820
to tap into that maybe that could allow

2602
01:51:33,770 --> 01:51:31,590
for propulsion for craft without needing

2603
01:51:36,620 --> 01:51:33,780
to carry fuel and this would not break

2604
01:51:38,149 --> 01:51:36,630
laws of physics it's not few propellant

2605
01:51:40,729 --> 01:51:38,159
less propulsion which is a term that's

2606
01:51:43,339 --> 01:51:40,739
how there wouldn't be you're just using

2607
01:51:45,290 --> 01:51:43,349
the natural fuel the natural propellant

2608
01:51:46,080 --> 01:51:45,300
of the cosmos I don't know how that

2609
01:51:47,939 --> 01:51:46,090
would work

2610
01:51:50,280 --> 01:51:47,949
because we don't know what dark matter

2611
01:51:53,580 --> 01:51:50,290
is yet we don't know what dark energy is

2612
01:51:57,209 --> 01:51:53,590
yet but what I find compelling is

2613
01:52:01,109 --> 01:51:57,219
there's 95% of the universe out there we

2614
01:52:04,109 --> 01:52:01,119
don't understand 95% if there was some

2615
01:52:05,729 --> 01:52:04,119
way to tap into that natural background

2616
01:52:08,580 --> 01:52:05,739
of the universe that's all around out of

2617
01:52:11,580 --> 01:52:08,590
the dark matter and /or the dark energy

2618
01:52:14,790 --> 01:52:11,590
I feel like that's untapped potential

2619
01:52:17,850 --> 01:52:14,800
for propulsion that doesn't require you

2620
01:52:20,820 --> 01:52:17,860
to take all this fuel from your home

2621
01:52:24,359 --> 01:52:20,830
from your home base right and people

2622
01:52:28,439 --> 01:52:24,369
have talked for years about let's see I

2623
01:52:30,810 --> 01:52:28,449
want to say helium-3 on the moon could

2624
01:52:32,490 --> 01:52:30,820
be used for energy and like to create

2625
01:52:34,919 --> 01:52:32,500
some type of base there and actually

2626
01:52:38,339 --> 01:52:34,929
launch from there but can that actually

2627
01:52:40,200 --> 01:52:38,349
be used for fuel helium-3 yes and

2628
01:52:42,540 --> 01:52:40,210
actually moon is a great place because

2629
01:52:44,280 --> 01:52:42,550
there's less gravity so the idea behind

2630
01:52:46,740 --> 01:52:44,290
moon base is similar to you know like a

2631
01:52:49,680 --> 01:52:46,750
like it's like having a sky elevator

2632
01:52:52,320 --> 01:52:49,690
that once you invest in getting

2633
01:52:54,660 --> 01:52:52,330
somewhere then the next step is easier

2634
01:52:57,510 --> 01:52:54,670
so if we were to go to the moon and we

2635
01:52:59,609 --> 01:52:57,520
mined helium-3 we have a bonus of those

2636
01:53:02,459 --> 01:52:59,619
of the moon's lower gravitational field

2637
01:53:06,689 --> 01:53:02,469
so now it's easier to go places right so

2638
01:53:08,070 --> 01:53:06,699
so I I wish that you know all a lot of

2639
01:53:10,260 --> 01:53:08,080
these ideas like you just mentioned

2640
01:53:12,689 --> 01:53:10,270
helium-3 in the moon we were supposed to

2641
01:53:15,359 --> 01:53:12,699
have done that already in like 1995

2642
01:53:16,950 --> 01:53:15,369
right if you watch The Twilight Zone we

2643
01:53:18,689 --> 01:53:16,960
should already have been on the moon we

2644
01:53:20,939 --> 01:53:18,699
should already have a base and flying

2645
01:53:23,189 --> 01:53:20,949
cars don't reapplying cars yeah oh god I

2646
01:53:26,189 --> 01:53:23,199
want my flying car we're five years late

2647
01:53:29,390 --> 01:53:26,199
right at least back to actually 15 yeah

2648
01:53:32,339 --> 01:53:29,400
actually trying to think who it is his

2649
01:53:34,229 --> 01:53:32,349
his father was involved in his

2650
01:53:37,020 --> 01:53:34,239
grandfather was involved in Roswell and

2651
01:53:38,490 --> 01:53:37,030
why can't I think of his name his father

2652
01:53:39,750 --> 01:53:38,500
was wonderful passed away a few years

2653
01:53:42,060 --> 01:53:39,760
ago

2654
01:53:43,620 --> 01:53:42,070
someone's gonna crown me for forgetting

2655
01:53:45,479 --> 01:53:43,630
his name but he's working on the flying

2656
01:53:47,700 --> 01:53:45,489
cars he's actually got like a scooter

2657
01:53:49,979 --> 01:53:47,710
and everything else out there he's

2658
01:53:52,260 --> 01:53:49,989
getting funding for I'll think of his

2659
01:53:53,790 --> 01:53:52,270
name afterwards is terrible problems not

2660
01:53:55,560 --> 01:53:53,800
the technology we have the technology

2661
01:53:57,300 --> 01:53:55,570
for years is people it's three

2662
01:53:59,870 --> 01:53:57,310
dimensional travel we would crash into

2663
01:54:01,910 --> 01:53:59,880
each other I don't care I want my

2664
01:54:04,100 --> 01:54:01,920
car I'll be honest with you as great as

2665
01:54:06,590 --> 01:54:04,110
the internet is allowing us like having

2666
01:54:09,320 --> 01:54:06,600
this interview I would rather live in a

2667
01:54:10,850 --> 01:54:09,330
world with a moon base and I know a lot

2668
01:54:13,250 --> 01:54:10,860
of viewers will get angry at me I

2669
01:54:16,400 --> 01:54:13,260
apologize I would rather have a moon

2670
01:54:17,690 --> 01:54:16,410
base and flying cars than the internet

2671
01:54:19,670 --> 01:54:17,700
and YouTube I'm sorry

2672
01:54:22,040 --> 01:54:19,680
yes great as they are I think that's one

2673
01:54:24,170 --> 01:54:22,050
it's a moon base yeah we're right at the

2674
01:54:25,670 --> 01:54:24,180
end Matthew thank you so much all right

2675
01:54:27,650 --> 01:54:25,680
all right everyone hang in there and

2676
01:54:29,090 --> 01:54:27,660
well I should say hang in there we'll

2677
01:54:30,830 --> 01:54:29,100
see you next week we'll see you next

2678
01:54:37,100 --> 01:54:30,840
week and remember to keep your eyes to